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sf7df8f}+÷ >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 d+l;/ % ut] ePsf] j[xb\ zflGt ;Dem}tfsf] :jfut ub}{ ca d'n'sdf slxNo} /Qmkft / åGb gbf]xf]l/of]; of] zlGt rL/sfn;Dd sfod /xf]; elg sfdgf ul/aS;]sf] 5 . df};'kmaf6 zflGt ;Demf}tfåf/f xTof, lx+;f / cft+sdf k"0f{lj/fd nufpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;a}sf] ;/f¥xgf ul/aS;Fb} zflGtnfO{ lbuf]kgf / ;a} g]kfnLsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;n] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] dfWodaf6 ca ;d'Ggt g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f x'g] cfzf JoQm ul/aS;]sf] 5 . >L % af6 cfˆgf] cd'No hLjg u'dfPsf g]kfnLx?sf] cfTdfsf] rL/zflGtsf] sfdgf klg ul/aS;]sf] 5 . >L % sf] k|d'v ;Djfb ;lrjfno /fhb/jf/af6 a'wjf/ k|sflzt ;"rgfdf pQm s'/f hgfOPsf] 5 . >L % af6 JoQm cleJolQmn] ljutdf unt dgf;fo af]s]sf ;Nnfxsf/x?n] /fhfnfO{ unt ;Nnfxf lbP/ d'n'snfO{ unt dfu{df n}hfg afWo kfl/Psf] cj:yfnfO{ ca /fhfn] k"0f{ ?kdaf6 a'lemaS;]sf] s'/f /fhfaf6 j[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tf k|lt b]vfO{ aS;]sf] ;Åbotf / :Jffy{/lxt ljrf/ k|ikm"6gn] :ki6 kf/sf] 5 . /fhfaf6 cfPsf] cf7 dlxgf kl5sf] klxnf] ljrf/n] /fhfsf] jt{dfg / eljZosf] dfu{lrq k"0f{?kaf6 hgOR5f / hgfb]z cg'?k alg;s]sf] / ca unt ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] cGwf] dfu{df /fhf k'gM lxl8aS;g] dgl:yltdf g/lxaS;]sf] s'/f klg /fhfsf] kl5Nnf] ljrf/n] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . lxhf];Dd /fhfnfO{ unt ;Nnfx lbg] / /fhfn] ToxL unt ;Nnfxdf sfo{ ul/aS;sf] a]nf To;af6 kmfObf p7fP/ cf–cfkm\gf] :jfy{ l;2df nfUg] cj;/jfbL-hf] ckm"nfO{ /fhfjfbL eGy]_ x? clxn] klg /fhfn] unt sbd p7fO{ lbP cfkm"x?sf] km]l/ bz}+ klN6g]] lyof] eGg]df nfu]s} x'gg\ . t/ ;dosf] yk]8fn] ;r]t u/fPsf /fhfsf] ;dofg's'n ;f]rsf ;fy cfPsf] cleJolQmn] clxn]] /fhf kmfn]/ u0ftGq Nofpg nflu k/]sf JolQmx? Psk6s ;f]Rg afWo ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf Psflt/ u0ftGq g} Nofpg eg]/ xhf/f} g]kfnLsf] xTof ub}{ h+un Tofu]/ zx/ k|j]z u/L u0ftGq Tofu]/ nf]stGq c+ufNb} xltof/ Tofu]/ ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g];Ddsf] kxn ul//x]sf] kl/k|]IonfO{ ljZjn] g} :jfut ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf cfk\m\gf] ulNt :JLsf/]/ ;do, sfn / kl/l:ylt cg'?k hgfb]znfO{ ;jf]{kl/ dfg]/ Pp6f OdfGbf/ cleefjssf] ?kdf a:g rfxg] /fhfnfO{ rflx ;a}n] ldn]/ cj;/ lsg glbg] < eGg]df /fli6«o cGt//fli6«o If]qsf a'l4lhjLx?n] k|Zg p7fPsf 5g\ .

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sf7df8f}+÷ #) jif]{ k+rfotL Joj:yfnfO{ cfdf dfg]/ /fhgLltsf] sv/f hfg]sf k~rx?n] klg ca km"6]/ xf]Og h'6]/ d'n'ssf] abln+bf] kl/l:yltdf cfkm\gf] 5'§} klxrfg agfP/ cl3 a9\g' kg]{ cfjfh pl7/x]sf] a]nf k"j{ k|d= ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf / k"j{dGqL s]z/jxfb'/ lji6n] kf6L{ Ps ug]{ lg0f{o u/]kl5 ca k"j{ k~rx?sf] a'l4 klg knfpg yfn]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{ / s]z/ axfb'/ lji6n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] k|hftflGqs g]kfn kf6L{aLr lgs6 eljiod} Plss/0f x'g] lgZrt eP kl5 l9n} ;lx k~rx? ;+ul7t s|d /fhkf / k|g]kfaf6 z'? ePsf]df Tof] larf/l;t ;xdt kIfn] v';L k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . /fhkf / k|g]kfsf] Plss/0f kl5 klg ;+o'Qm kf6L{sf] gfd /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{ g} /xg] / kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] g} ug]{ s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 . zlgjf/ b'j} kf6L{sf] s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . otf clxn] d'n'ssf] /fhgLltdf cfd"n kl/jt{g cfPsf] at{dfg kl/k|]Iodf k+rfotL k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf ;a} g]tfx? / bnx?n] lgM:jfy{ ?kn] Pp6f 5ftfd'lg uf]na2 x'g'kg]{ l:ylt 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] s'/f a'l2lhjLx?n] atfpg yfns]sf 5g\ . nf]s tflGqs df]rf{, u0ftflGqs df]rf{ cflb agfpg] / /fhgLlts ljrf/nfO{ ;+:yfut ul/ n}hfg], alnof x? emg\ alnof] eP/ g]kfnL /fhgLlts IfLlthdf pbfpg] / lgwf{x? of km'6]/, 6'6]/ / cxdtf af]s]/ PSnf PSn} lx+8\g]x? Tot} ljnfP/ cl:tTjxLg eP/ hfg] lglZrt ePsf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf k+rfotL k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsfx?n] klg Pp6f 5ftfd'gL e]nf eP/ :jfy{nfO{ Tofu ub}{ /fhgLlts cl:tTj arfpg kxn ug'{ kg]{ ljrf/ a'l2lhjLx?sf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ng ;kmn eP/ d'n'sdf nf]stGq axfnL ePkl5 klg cfkm\gf] cl:tTj dfly cfOkg{ ;Sg] vt/fnfO{ a'em]/ Pdfn], dfcf]jfbL tyf g]kfnL sf+u|]; klg cf–cfˆgf df]rf{ s;]/ cl3 a9\g] ;f]raf6 b|'tultaf6 sfo{ ul//x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf clxn] k"j{k~rx?sf] /fhkf, /fk|kf /f0ff, /fk|df /ljGb|, /fk|kf /fi6«jfbL, g]kfn ;dtfkf6L{ Pj+ cGo ;fgf ltgf bnx?n] klg ca cxd\tf Tofu]/ Pp6} g]t[Tj / Pp6} ;f]raf6 cl3 a8\g' kg]{ gq ltgLx? ;a}sf] cl:tTj vt/fdf /x]sf] 7f]s'jf /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . gj:jtGqtfn] @ ;ftf cufl8 o;} ljifodf cfwfl/t ljrf/x?nfO{ ;d]6]/ / ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ;dfrf/ kl5 /fhkf / k|g]kfsf] ldng x'g'n] k"j{k~rx?n] ca a'l2sf] ljsf]{ p3fg{ z'?u/]sf] ljZjf; ;j{q ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . tL k"j{k~rx?sf bnx?n] cg]s k|sf/af6 sdfPsf] wgn] kf]if]sf 5fkf / ldl8ofx?n] pgLx?nfO{ ;b}j pN6f] af6f] b]vfP/ ;+w} n8fpg] le8fpg] u/]/ km'6 xfNg] u/]sf ePklg gj:jtGqtfn] lg:jfy{ ljrf/af6 pgLx?nfO{ u/]sf] dfu{bz{g sfd cfPsf]df b'O{dt gxf]nf .

g]kfnnfO{ csf]{ lkmhL agfpg] if8\oGq,;+ljwfg;efdf

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sf7df8f}+÷ ljxLjf/ k|ltlgwL;efsf] /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltn] ;j{;Ddtaf6 kfl/t u/]sf] gful/stf ;DalGw gofF ljw]osn] P]gsf] ?k kfPkl5 ca $) nfveGbf a9L ef/tLox?n] g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ lglZrt k|foM ePsf] 5 . cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ltg} gofF g]kfnL ag]sf ef/tLox? / o; cl3 g} g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ul;s]sf ef/tLox? ;d]t nueu &) nfvn] dtbfg u/L ef/tLo ljrf/sf k|ltlgwL 5gf}6 u/]/ g]kfnnfO{ @& cf}+ ef/tLo k|fGtsf] ?kdf csf]{ l;lSsd gq csf]{ lkmhL agfpg] if8\oGq ul/Psf] s'/f v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . ljxLjf/sf] /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltn] ToxL k'/fgf] Pj+ ljjflbt, gful/stfsf] d:of}bfnfO{ ;j{;Ddt ?kn] kf; u/]kl5 ca g]kfnnfO{ ef/tn] e/;s l;lSsd gq klg lkmhL agfP/ g]kfnnfO{ ;+w} cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg ;Sg] cj:yf NofO{ lbg ;lhnf] x'g] lglZrt ePsf] s'/f /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . ef/tn] l;lSdnfO{ cfkm\gf] @^cf}+ k|fGt agfpFbf / lkmhLnfO{ ToxfFsf hgtfnfO{ cNkdtdf kf/]/ ToxfF cfkm\gf] dftxtsf] dflg;sf] lgoGq0f sfod u/fpg ef/tn] e"ldsf v]n]h:t} clxn] g]kfnnfO{ klg To:t} hfndf kfg{ 7"nf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] s'/f s'6gLlt1 tyf sfg"gljb\x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . ef/tn] j]nfotsf] clwgdf /x]sf] lkmhLdf pv' v]tL / Joj;fo ug{ elg ef/taf6 dhb'/x? lkmhL nu]sf] lyof] h'g dhb'/x? lj:tf/} lkmhLd} a;] . kl5 ToxfF klg ef/tLo d'nsf / ef/tLo ;dy{gsf g]tfx?n] gful/stf ;DalGw lvrnf] p7fP/ ToxfF klg g]kfndf jt{dfgsf] gofF gful/stf d:of}df h:t} d:of}bf NofP/ ;+;baf6 kf; u/fO{ nfu" ul/Pkl5 ;+VofTds ?kdf w]/} /x]sf ef/tLo d"nsf JolQmx?n] cToflws ?kdf gful/stf lnOlbP . To;};fn ToxfF ePsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf dx]Gb| rf}w/L gfdsf ef/tLo JolQmsf] kIfn] jx'dt xfl;n u¥of] / lkmhLogx? cNkdtdf k/] / lkmhLnfO{ j}wflgs ?kaf6 ef/tn] cfkm\gf] sAhfdf kf¥of] / clxn] klg lkmhL ef/ts} JolQmx?sf] sAhfdf 5 . To;}u/L ;lSsddf klg ToxfFsf g]tfx?nfO{ tTsfnLg ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL OGbL/f ufGwLn] cfkm\gf] dfFv] ;f+Unf]df kf/]/ ToxfFsf] ;+;bdf ef/tLo kIfsf] jx'dt / l;lSsd] /fhf -/fi6«jfbL kIf_ nfO{ cNkdtdf kf/]/ ef/tn] l;lSsdnfO{ j}wflgs ?kaf6} cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf ufe]sf] lyof] . clxn] ef/tn] g]kfndf To:t} v]n v]Nb}5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn], nufotsf g]tfx?n] ef/tLo u'nfdL :jLsf/]/ ljxLjf/ ljjfbf:kb d:of}bfnfO{ kf; u/fP/ 7"nf] ulNt u/]sf] s'/f lj1x? / cg'ejL s'6gLlt1 Pj+ sfg"gjLb\x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . )$^ ;fn cl3 b]lv g} nfvf}+ ef/tLox?n] g]kfndf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . @)!( ;fn kl5 g]kfndf cfP/ Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug]{ / sdfP/ ef/tdf nu]/ y'kfg]{ ef/tLo Jofkf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof clxn] em08} !) nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfndf /x]sf] atfOG5 . To:t} dhb'/sf ?kdf g]kfndf )$^ ;fn cl3 b]lvg} a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf ef/tLo dhb'/x? em08} !% nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfndf /x]sf] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . To;jfx]s ljjfx, ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt / 3';k}l7Psf ?kdf gftfuf]tf ;d]t u/L em08} !) b]lv !@ nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf clxn] ef/tLox? g]kfndf cj}w a;f]af; ub}{ cfO/x]sf] atfOG5 . tL ;a} ldnfP/ clxn] em08} #% nfv ef/tLox? jif}{b]lv j}w cj}w b'j} tl/sfaf6 g]kfndf a;f]af; u/L Jofkf/ Joj;fo, dhb'/L nufots k]zfx? ub}{ cfO{/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf :yfoL 3/jf/ ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/ ;j} ef/td} 5g\ . t/ ca jt{dfg gful/stfsf] d:of}bfn] P]gsf] ?k k|fKt u/]sf] clxn]sf] kl/l:yltn] rfln; nfv a9L ef/tLonfO{ gful/stf lbg]5 . o;cl3g} em08} @) nfv ef/tLon] g]kfndf a;f]jf; u/]sf sf/0f gful/stf k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ . % b]lv !) nfv ef/tLox? ljjfx ;DaGwaf6 g]kfndf cfPsf / ltgn] g]kfnL gful/stf lnO{ ;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] ef/tLo gful/stf Tofu] Tofu]gg\ Tof] tkl;ns]f ljifo xf] t/ g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt u/] klg pgLx?sf] ef/tL jf]nL, ljrf/ / k|]d slxNo} dg]{ s'/} cfpFb}g . olb ef]lnsf lbgdf ef]6 dfFUg uPdf pgLx?n] g]kfnLnfO{ xf]Og cfkm\g} hft lj/fb/Lsf] ef/tLo d"nsf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ g} ef]6 xfNg]df b'O{dt 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf clxn] gful/stf P]g d:of}bf jdf]lhd cj $) nfvn] gful/stf lnPdf To;dWo]]] #% nfv ef/tLo gful/sx?n] g]kfnL gful/stf lng] lglZrt ePsf] / To;f] ePdf klxNo} gful/stf lnPsf / ca lng] ;dt] u/L em08} &) nfv ef/tLox? dtbftfsf ?kdf b]lvg] 5g\ . To:tf] cj:yfdf jf:tljs g]kfnL cNkdtdf k/]/ olb cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efdf ef/tLkIfsf] jx'dt cfP/ g]kfnnfO{ l;lSsd agfpg] lg0f{o ePdf To;sf] lhDdf s;n] lng] < eGg] k|Zg ;j{q plAhPsf] 5 .

;ft bf]jf6]fdf em8k–u'08fx? xfjL]]

nlntk'/÷ ljxLjf/ Psfljxfg} 6«lkms k|x/L / 6«s 8«fOe/aLr 8«Oe/sf] Dofb ;lsPsf] Ohfht kqsf] af/]df ePsf] egfeg / xfgfyfk kl5 rls{Psf] ljjfbn] ;ftbf]jf6f] rf]sdf lbg el/h;f] tgfj pTkGg eof] .

;fdfGo ljifonfO{ ltnsf] kxf8 agfP/ khb'/ kIfn] lbg el/h;f] tgfj u|:t agfP/ ;f] If]qsf] hjhLjg c:t Jo:t agfPsf] cf/f]k :yfgLo af;Ln] nufPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf egfOdf jf:tljs dhb'/ yf]/} / 36gfnfO{ ltnsf] kxf8 agfP/ d]n ldnfk ug{ glbg] tTjx?sf] af]nfafnf w]/} ePkl5 ;ftbf]jf6f]sf] ;fgf] 36gfn] 7"nf]?k lnPsf] lyof] .

k|ToIfbzL{sf cg';f/ 3gu9Laf6 sf7af]s]/ cfPsf rf/j6f 6«sx? dWo] tLgj6fn] yfgsf]6df k|x/LnfO{ … lrQ Ú a'emfP/ sf7df8f}+ lelqPsf / Pp6f 6«s eg] efu]/ cfPkl5 yfgsf]6n] euf}8f 6«snfO{ lk5f ub}{ ;ftbf]jf6f] rf}sLnfO{ vj/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;ftbf]jf6f] rf}sLsf 6«flkms k|x/Lx?n] euf}8f 6«snfO{ ;ftbf]jf6f] rf]sdf ;dft]/ 6«s8«fOe/sf] nfO;]G; dfu]kl5 efu]jfkt k};f ;d]t dfu]sf] …- b"O{ ;o dfu]sf] lyof], d}n] lbOg To;}afkt dnfO{ l;len -;fbf_ kf];fsdf ePsf] csf]{ k|x/Ln] lk6\of]_Ú eg]/ lkl8t 8«fOe/n] atfPsf 5g\ t/ k};f lbg gdfg]kl5 8«fOe/nfO{ lk6]sf] s'/f v'Ng cfPkl5 ;ftbf]jf6f] k|x/Lsf OGrfh{ l;njfnn] 5fl8 lbg eGbf klg 6«flkms OGrfh{n] 8«fOe/nfO{ g5f8] kl5 / ulNt ug]{nfO{ dflkm dfUg gnufPkl5 To;36gfn] crfgs eoª\s/ ?k lng k'u]sf] lyof] .

To; 36gfsf] vj/ Ps}If0fdf rf/}lt/ km}lnPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo bnsf g]tfx?, kqsf/ Pj+ a'l4lhjLx?n] rf/ 306f;Dd kxn ubf{ klg bf]lifnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kn] ;ftbf]jf6f] rf]sdf pEofpg' kg]{ / lkl8t kIfn] lrQ a'‰g] ul/ lk6\g kfpg' kg]{ eGg] dfu dhb'/ kIfsf] /x]kl5 / pgLx?n] Tof] c8fg g5f8]kl5 cGgtM pQm d'4f emg\ 7"nf] aGg k'Uof] . To;}aLr pQm d'4f ldnfpg nfu]sf gj:tGqtf ;fKtflxssf k|wfg ;Dkfbs vu]Gb| ;fksf]6f -:yfgLo jf;L ;d]t ePsfn]_ nfO{ s]xL c1ft JolQmx?n] crfgs xftkft ub}{ …tF sf] xf]; xfd|f] ljrdf af]Ng]<Ú eg]/ s'6kL6 ug{ nfu]kl5 qmflGtsf/L dhb'/sf s]xL s]lGb|o g]tfx?n] ;fksf]6fnfO{ cfqmd0faf6 arfP/ k|x/L rf}sL leq k'¥ofPsf lyP . t/ kqsf/ ;fksf]6f;Fu} d'4f ldnfpg kxn ul//x]sf] Ps clvn ljBfyL{ t]hs'df/ rflDnªnfO{ tL ckl/lrt JolQmx?n] d/f0ff;Gg x'g]ul/ xftkft u/]kl5 k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k ul/ rflDnªnfO{ hf]ufPsf lyP . To; 36gfnfO{ xhf/f}+ k|ToIf bzL{x?n] eT;{gf ub}{ k"0f{ u'08fubL{sf] ;+1f lbPsf lyP . To;kl5 k'gM :yfgLo g]tf, a'l4lhjL Pj+ kqsf/x?n] b'O{kIfsf] d'4f ldnfpg k|x/Lsf pkTosf 6«flkmssf l8P;lk, nk' lhNnf k|x/Lsf l8P;lk nufPtsf JolQmx?sf] /f]xj/df dhb'/x?n] jflx/af6 n]lvk7fPsf ;Dk"0f{ dfux? dfGg] eg]/ lnlvt k|lta4tf hgfpFb} n]v]sf] sfuh k9]/ ;'gfpg nfUbf k9\g] JolQmn]g} cdfGo eg]/ crfgs …wf]sf xf]Ú eg]/ s/fP kl5 cfqmf]lzt le8n] crfgs rf}lsdf 9'Ëfd'9f j;f{pg ;'? u/]kl5 b'O{hgf k|x/L / Pshgf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ulDe/ ?kdf rf]6 nfu]sf] lyof] . crfgs pu| ?k wf/0f u/]sf] pQm le8nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ gt k|x/Lsf] rf}lsdf k|x/Lsf] ;+Vof g} lyof] gt c? s'g} pkfo . ;j}bnsf g]tf, kqsf/, a'l4lhjL nufot ;f] d'4f ldnfpg rf}lsdf k;]sf ;a}sf] Hofg dfly crfgs cqmd0f ePkl5 afWo eP/ k|x/Lsf clws[tx?nfO{ pkl:yt a'l4lhjLx?n] g} cfu|x u/]/ k|x/Ljn dufP/ nfl7 rfh{ ug{ nufpg' kbf{sf] 36gf h'g k|sf/sf] b'MvbfoL lyof] Tof] elgg;Sg' ePsf] s'/f e'Qmef]uLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

Tof] ;fgf] 36gfn] pu| ?k lnOlbbf To; lbg xhf/f}+ ljBfyL{ jfnjflnsfx?n] :s"n hfgf gkfP/ ;ftbf]jf6f] rf]sd} $\÷% 306f;Dd ef]s} ltv}{ j:g' k¥of] eg] clGtddf em08} em8kdf k/]/ s}of}+ jfnjflnsfnfO{ c;/ k'u]sf] lyPg . To:t} xhf/f}+ ;j{;fwf/0f, Jofkfl/, nufotsf cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] 7"nf] ;f:tL ef]Ug' k¥of] . Tolt eP/klg 8«fOe/ dhb'/ kIfn] cGttM xf/ vfP/ efUg' k¥of] . d'v{ j'l4 k|of]u ug]{ x'Fbf 8«fOe/ kIfsf] gt u'd]sf] OHht kmls{of], gt dhb'/xslxt ;'/lIft eof] . dhb'/n] k|ltkIfn] dflkm dfUg] eGbf ;xh} dflglbPsf] eP Tof] dxf;+u|fd x'g] lyPg . To;sf ;fy} lk6fOvfg] 8«fOe/n] dfg ;Ddfg / OHht t kfpg] lyof] g} , lnlvt ?kdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP eljZosf nflu dhb'/ kIfnfO{ w]/} pknlAw k|fKt x'g] lyP . t/ dhb'/ kIfn] To;lbg Tof] 36gfdf s]xL u'08fx?sf] egfOdf nfu]/ u/]sf] d'v{tfk"0f{ ulNtn] cfkm} tn k/] eg]/ :yfgLo k|ToIfbzL{n] atfPsf5g\ .

sfg"g v/fj ls Û GofofwLz <

sf7df8f}÷ lg/+s'ztf / k|ltudgsf] ;+1f lbOPsf] ;dodf s:tf–s:tf lgod, sfg"g ag] / ltgsf] kfngf eof] s:tf–s:tf ck/flwn] To; sfg"gsf] kfngf u/]/ / /fHon] ;hfo lbof] lbPg eGg] s'/f x]g{ 6f9f uO/xg' kb}{g clxn] klg tfhf O{ltxf;n] tL ljifonfO{ ;lhn} b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ nf]stGqsf gfddf /fHon] e|i6rf/Lx?nfO{ 7f8} lgbf]{if elg ;kmfO{ lbPsf] 36\gfn] eg] cbfnt k|lt Psk6s k'gM hgtf ;z+lst aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . /fhfsf] zf;gsfn / To; cl3sf] ;/sf/ ;d]tn] dxf e|i6rf/L , b]zsf n'6]/f , ck/fwL nufotsf] k|df0f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df plrt ;hfosf nflu ks|fp ul/ cbfntdf k]z u/]sf uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL / v'd axfb'/ v8\\sf åfonfO{ af–O{Hht ;kmfO{ lbP/ …nf]stflGqsÚ GofofwLzx?n] gofF /]s8{ agfO{ lbPsf] 36gf k|lt 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] 3f]/ cfklQ hgfPsf] 5g\ . p;n] tL b'O{ e|i6rf/Lsf] pGd'lQmnfO{ plrt gdfGg ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf u'xf/ nufPsf] 5 eg] uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL / v'daxfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] GofofwLzx?sf] lgotdfly cfz+sf ;d]t hgfPsf] 5 . Gofokflnsf ljut s]lx ;dob]lv e|i6rf/df d'l5b} cfPsf] / GofofwLzx? nf]e, nfnr / bjfjsf lzsf/ aGb}cfPsf] kl/k|]Iodf b'O{ e|i6rf/Lx?nfO{ lbOPsf] ;kmfOnfO{ klg hf]8]/ x]b}{ 6«fG;k/]lG; OG6/g]zgnn] nf]stGqnfO{ abgfd x'g glbg ;jf]{Rrn] pQm d'bfnfO{ x]g'{ kg]{ / plrt Gofo ug'{kg]{ elg clkn u/]sf] 5 .

ef/tsf] O;f/fdf k|ltj]bg n'sfOof]

sf7df8f}+÷ pRr :t/Lo hfFra'em cfof]un] hgcfGbf]ng bjfpg cxd\ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{x?sf] gfd ls6fg ul/ ltgLx?dfly sfg"g agfP/ ePklg sfjf{lx ug{ u/]sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf] nueu !@ ;o k[i6 nfdf] k|Ltj]bgnfO{ ;/sf/n] n'sfPkl5 clxn] ;ftbnsf] ;/sf/sf] lgotdf z+sf Pj+ pkz+sfx? plAhg yfn]sf 5g\ . kb, ;Qf / /fli6«o 9's'l6sf] Jofks b'?kof]u ul/ hgcfGbf]ng bjfpg e"ldsf v]Ng] cleo'Qmx?nfO{ sfjf{xL ug]{ l;kmfl/; ;d]tsf] pQm k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;fj{hlgs gu/]/ ;/sf/n] Psflt/ ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;';'lrt x'g] clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t ul/lbPsf] / csf]{lt/ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf cleo'Qmx?nfO{ sfjf{xL k|lqmofsf] yfngL gu/]/ hgrfxgfdfly s'7f/f3ft u/]sf] cf/f]k nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ /fhfnfO{ arfpg cxd e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] ePklg clxn] pRr :t/Lo hfFra'e cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg n'sfpg'sf k5fl8 ldq /fi6« ef/tsf] if8\oGqk"0f{ lqmofsnfk / lgb]{zgg} k|d'v /x]sf] s'/f Ps ljz]if ;'qn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;dfrf/ ;'qsf cg';f/ ljutsfnb]lvg} g]kfn / g]kfnLdfly cfˆgf] s'b[li6 /fVg] ef/tn] slxn] /fhfnfO{ ;fylbP/ / slxn] bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ sflv Rofk]/ g]kfndf ;b}j cl:y/tf, czflGt / u8a8L dRofpb} To;sf] kmfObf p;n] p7fpFb} cfPsf] xf] . To;} s'/fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg / g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] jfu8f]/ cfˆgf] xftdf /fv]/ g]kfnL g]tf / /fhfnfO{ ;w} cfkm\gf] O;f/fdf grfpFb} /xg] p;sf] k|jn OR5f cg';f/ g} clxn] klg p;n] cxd\ e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] xf] . To;}sf sf/0f clxn] klxnf cfˆgf] O;f/fdf gfRg gdfGg] /fhfnfO{ ktg kfg{ bnsf g]tf Pj+ dfcf]jfbL kIfnfO{ sfvL Rofk]/ /fhfnfO{ 3F'8f wF;fP/ klg ;ftbn / dfcf]jfbLaf6 cfˆgf] :jfy{ l;l4 x'G5 x'b}g eGg]df clxn] ef/tLo zf;sx? kv{ / x]/ sf] gLlt ckgfO{ /x]sf5g\ elgG5 . To;} gLlt cg'?k olb clxn] ;j{zlQmdfg b]lvP/ pbo ePsf] dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆgf] O;f/fdf gfRg] cj:yf b]v]df ef/tn] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ tfst nufP/ ePklg g]kfnaf6 /fh;+:yf kmfn]/ bnx?nfO{ c;Qm agfO{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sfvL Rofk]/ g]kfndf cfkm" cg's'n gfr grfpg] p;sf] rfn xf] . t/ olb cfk\mgf] O{zf/fdf lx+8\g bnx?n] gdfg]df /fhfnfO{ km]l/ ;j{zlQmdfg agfP/ cfˆgf] O;f/fdf grfpg] / bn / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ktg agfP/ km]l/ klg g]kfndf cfkm" cg's'n s} /fhgLlt zf;g rnfpg] p;sf] v]n xf] . To;}n] clxn] cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ kv{ / x]/ kl5 dfq rnfpg] p2]Zo adf]lhd ef/tLo zf;sx?s} O;f/fdf xfnnfO{ ;jf{hlgs gul/ yGSofPsf] xf] elgG5 .

P3f/ jfif]{ åGbsf k|d'v 36gfx?

g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] @)%! ;fn kmfNu'0f ! ut]af6 z'? u/]sf] cfˆgf] /Qmkftk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] ut d+l;/ % ut] /ftL ;f9] cf7 ah]b]lv ljlwjt ?kaf6 cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ePklg p;n] o; P3f/ jif{df 36fPsf k|d'v 36gfx? klg g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df TolQs} kd'vtfsf] lzv/df /xg]5g\, hlQsf] dxTj Oltxf;n] % ut]sf] zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ lbg] 5 . g]kfnLsf efjL kLl8n] )^# ;fndf d'n'ssf] cfd"n kl/jt{gdf ;a} eGbf 7"nf] e"ldsf s:sf] lyof] eGg]df klg O{ltxf;n] :ki6 kg]{ 5 . !@ jif{ b]lv h+un a;]/ /Qmkftk"0f{ åfGå ug]{ dfcf]jfbL of= ;Qfsf nflu /fli6«otfsf] ltnf+hnL lbg kl5 gkg]{ ;ftbnsf g]tfx?, cyjf /fi6« / /fli6«otfsf nflu /fhkf6, u4L / ;Dk"0f{ cl:tTj g} bfpdf nufpg kl5 gkg]{ zfxL /fhj+z < s;n] )^# df d'n'snfO{ cu|ult lbg cxd\ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] lyof] < eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfj klg casf] Oltxf;n] n]lvlbg] 5 .

!! jif{sf] åGåsf k|d'v 36gf M

g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] @)%! kmfu'g ! df – /f]Nkf, ?s'd / l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf Ps÷Psj6f k|x/L rf}sLdf cfqm0f u/]/ cfˆgf] ;z:q åfGåsf] z'?cft u¥of] . To;kl5 @)%# k'; !( /fd]5fksf] a]yfgdf cfqmd0f u/L b'O{ k|x/L / tLg dfcf]jfbLsf] xTof u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L @)%% kmfu'g @)– bfªsf] lr/f3f6 Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf cfqmd0f u¥of] ;ft k|x/Lsf] xTof eof]] . @)%% kmfu'g @!– ?s'dsf] Pdfn]sf ;f+;b pDd]åf/ ob' uf}tdsf] xTof u¥of] eg] @)%^ k'; !( –h'Dnfsf] /f/fnLdf cfqmd0f u/L ( k|x/Lsf] xTof u¥of] . @)%& cf;f]h – 8f]Nkf ;b/d'sfd b'g}df cfqmd0f u/]/ !$ k|x/Lsf] xTof / $) nfO{ 3fOt] agfof] . @)%& r}t @)– ?s'dsf] ?s'dsf]6 7fF6L8fF8fdf cfqmd0f u/L #) k|x/Lsf] 36gf:ynd} xTof u/]/ dfcf]jfbL qf;nfO{ lzv/df k'¥ofP . @)%* c;f/ @# – nfdh'ª, g'jfsf]6 / u'NdLsf k|x/L rf}sLx?dfly Ps} k6s cfqmd0fdf $! k|x/Lsf] xTof u¥of] . @)%* kmfu'g * ut] dfcf]jfbLn] klxnf] k6s ;}lgs Aof/]sdf cfqmd0f u¥of] . bfªsf] ;b/d'sfd 3f]/fxLdf cfqmd0f u/L !$ ;}lgs;lxt #& ;'/IffsdL{sf] 36gf :ynd} xTof u/]sf] lyof] . @)%* r}t #) ut] k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{sf] bfª v08sf tLg 7fpFdf Ps};fy cfqmd0f u/]/ ;z:q / hgkbsf clws[t;lxt $^ k|x/Lsf] xTof u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L @)%( ebf} @#– l;Gw'nL eLdfgdf cfqmd0f u/L k|x/L lg/LIfs;lxt $( sf] xTof dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] lyof] . @)%( sflQs @$ –c3f{vfFrLsf] ;b/d'sfd ;lGwvs{df cfqmd0f eof] ^% ;'/IffsdL{ / Ps ;j{;fw/0f u/L ^^ sf] xTof x'guof] . @)%( sflQs @( ut] – h'Dnfsf] ;b/d'sfd vn+uf / uf]/vfsf] tfs'sf]6df cfqmd0fdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L;lxt ^! ;'/IffsdL{ / b'O{ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof ul/of] . @)%( df3 !@ – ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s[i0fdf]xg >]i7 bDktLsf] xTof u/]/ dfcf]jfbLn] xTofsf] lznlznfnfO{ qm'/td agfof] . @)^) ebf} @! –bf]nvfsf] d}gfkf]v/Ldf ofq'jfxs a;df cfqmd0f u/L hgwgsf] Jofks Iflt u¥of] . @)^) r}t & –DofUbLsf] ;b/d'sfd a]gLdf cfqmd0f u¥of] / ;}lgs;lxt %! hgfsf] xTof ToxfF klg eof] . @)^@ h]7 @# – lrtjgsf] afFb/– d'9]df ofq'jfxs a;df cfqmd0f u/L #( ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof u/]/ t dfcf]jfbLn] dfgjLotfsf] k/fsfi6f gf3]sf] lyof] . @)^@ r}t @( –s}nfnLsf] cQl/ofdf ;z:q k|x/Lsf ;ft kl/jf/sf] xTof u/]/ cem cft+s l;h{gf u¥of] . @)^@ r}t & –sfe|]sf] bfKrfdf cfqmd0f u/L !# ;}lgssf] xTof u¥of] . @)^@ r}t @# ;nf{xLsf] dn+ujfdf cfqmd0f u¥of] ;}lgs x]lnsK6/ Wj:t eof] !) ;}lgs;lxt @# sf] d[To' eof] . @)^# j}zfv !) ut] dfcf]jfbLn] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ;b/d'sfd rf}tf/fdf clGtd cfqmd0f u¥of] kfFr dfcf]jfbL / Ps ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' cfqmd0fdf ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L dfcf]jfbL tkm{ klg xhf/f}+ n8fs'x?sf] lgd{d xTof ePsf] 5 -o;af/] lj:t[t cfufdL c+sdf_. 1ft ?kn] hltsf] xTof eof] c1ft ?kdf xTof x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof clxn] klg s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ hlt;'s} sfnf] Oltxf; ePklg % ut] d+l;/sf] ljZjs} ;j{yf P]ltxfl;s zflGt;Demf}tf kl5 ca d'n'sn] sfnf] Oltxf; ljl;{P/ k|ultsf] gofF dfu{ klxNofpg] ljZjf; ;j{q ul/Psf] 5 . t/ To;sf nflu Tofu / alnbfgL Jojxf/ ;a} kIfn] b]vfpg} k5{ / Tof] Tofu ug{ s:n] ;S5 / s:n] ;Qm}g Tof] eg] x]g{ afFsL 5 .

lul/hfnfO{ l/emfp /fhb"t vfp

sf7df8f}+÷ k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf cfkmGtx?, pgnfO{ tg, dg tyf k]zf / ljljw k|sf/af6 ;]jf ;xof]u u/L v';L t'Nofpg]x?nfO{ o; k6s s'g} g s'g} dflyNnf] txsf] cf]xbfdf k'¥ofpg] tof/Ldf /flvPsf] 5 . ljut % dlxgfb]lv ljleGg d'n'sx? g]kfnsf /fhb"tljxLg ag]sfdf ca tL d'n'ssf /fhb"tx?df k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ v';Lkfg]{x? / s]xL cfkmGtx?sf] gfd cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf]5 . gftfjfbdf ef~hL ;'>L z}nfhf cfrfo{nfO{ ef/tsf nflu /fhb"t, ;]js ag]/ v';L t'NofPsf]df 8f= dw' l3ld/] yfONof08sf] /fhb"t, geP ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] jl/i7td cf]xbfdf, k|wfgdGqLsf ljif]z ;Nnfxsf/ 8f ;'/]; rfln;], /fi6«3ftLsf] lvtfj k|fKt k"j{ k/f/fi6« ;lrj d'/f/L zdf{, tyf lul/hfsf] …tg ;]jsÚ eg]/ lrlgPsL Ps s'g} ;'s'df/LnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lul/hfsf tkm{af6 ljleGg ultnf d'n'sx?df /fhb"tsf nflu gfd 5gf}6 ul/ ;lsPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . To;jfx]s dfcf]jfbL sfd/]8x?nfO{ s]xL l;6 / Pdfn] sfd/]8x?nfO{ s]xL l;6x? efuj08f nufP/ !# j6f b]zdf /fhb"t lgo'Qm ug]{ tof/L ul/Psf] s'/f Ps k|wfgdGqL lgjf; sf] ;'qn] atfPsf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{x? ljb]zLsf k|of]uzfnf

sf7df8f}+÷ ljZjsf 7"nf / wgL /fi6«x?n] u/La d'n'sx?nfO{ n'6\g], tL d'n'ssf hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf bf; ;/x Jojxf/ ug]{ , cfkm\gf gofF gofF cfljisf/x? ;j{k|yd ltg} ul/a d'n'ssf hgtfdfly k|of]u ug]{ nufotsf cToGt 36Lof lqmofsnfknfO{ cem lta| agfPsf 5g\ . hLjg wfGgnfO{ b'O{ 5fs klg /fd|f]u/L vfg gkfpg] clk|msLx?, PlzofnL dxfb]zsf u/Lax? dfly wgL / zlQmzfnL d'n'sx?n] ug]{ u/]sf] k|of]usf] qmd o;j]nf g]kfndf ltAjtL / e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? dfly rn]sf] 5 . ljxLjf/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo hg;+Vof sf]if -o'PgPkmlkP_ n] cd]l/sfdf algPsf / clxn];Dd st} k|of]udf gNofOPsf dlxnf s08dx?sf] k|yd k|of]uzfnfsf] ?kdf e"6fgL / ltAjtL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ agfPsf] 5 . tL z/0ffyL{x?df of}g /f]u / PrcfOeL P8\; ;+qmd0f x'g ;Sg] 8/ ePsf] eGb} ;f] ;+:yfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL pRrfof]u -o'PgPr;Lcf/_ nfO{ & nfv k'?if s08d / % xhf/ dlxnfn] k|of]u ug]{ -k|yd k6s ahf/df NofP/sf] / st} k|of]u gePsf]_ s08d dlxnfnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg] gfddf gd"gf k|of]usf nflu lgMz'Ns ljt/0fsf nflu lbPsf] 5 . /lS; vfP/ cfPsf] nf]Ug]n] cfkm\gf] xftn] ln+udf s08d klg nufpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf of}g ;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hbf dlxnfn] g} s08d k|of]u u/]/ nf]Ug]sf] OR5f k"0f{ ul/lbgsf nflu pQm dlxnf s08d ljt/0f ul/Psf] atfOPsf] ePklg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;+:yfx?n] u/Lj d'n'ssf lg/Lx hgtf dfly ug{ nfu]sf] of] csf]{ ck/flws lgotsf] k|of]u xf] elg dfgj clwsf/jfnfx?n] cfqmf]; JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

lul/hf / k|r0sf aLr rsf{rsL{, lqkIfLO ;Demf}tf ljjfbsf] e'Fj/Ldf

dfcf]jfbLn] xltof/ gTofUg]

sf7df8f}+÷d'n'ssf] /fhgLlt cl:y/tf / ult/f]wnfO{ ;dfKt kf/]/ cu|ult lb+b} ljsf;sf] r/d r'nLdf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] ut;ftf ;ftbn / dfcf]jfbL aLr ePsf] zlGt ;Demf}tf / sflQs @@ ut]sf] /f]8Dofk cg';f/ clxn] d'n's rNg g;Sg] cj:yf v8f ePsf] 5 . b'j} åGå/t kIfn] cf–cfˆgf] c8fg lnP/ d'n'ssf] geP/ lghL :jfy{nfO{ cufl8 ;f/]kl5 clxn] To:tf] ult/f]w pTkGg ePsf] xf] . h;sf sf/0f @@ ut] lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;do tflnsf cg';f/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nfu" x'g g;Sg], cGtl/d ;+;b / cGtl/d ;/sf/ aGg g;Sg] / To;sf sf/0f eg]sf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] lglZrt k|foM ePsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] åGå ;dfKt kfg]{ gfddf / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Qfsf] efuLbf/ aGg] xtf/df ul/Psf lg0f{ox?sf sf/0f clxn] ;dofefjn] ubf{ ;xdlt ul/Psf] sfo{tflnsf jdf]lhd sfo{ x'g g;s] kl5 of] ult/f]w pTkGg ePsf] xf] elgG5 . sflQs @@ ut] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIfn] , …tft} vfpF hln d?Ú eg] em} u/L xtf/–xtf/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Qfdf n}hfg xr'jfsf e/df ;dosf] Vofn} gul/ sfo{tflnsf tof/ kf/]sf lyP . h; cg';f/d+l;/ % ut] ;Dddf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf /fVg] :ynsf] lgSof}{n ug]{, lzlj/x? tof/ kg]{ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ tL SofDkx?df /flv;Sg] eGg] lyof] . t/ sfuhdf n]v]/ ;lx u/]h:tf] l56f] / ;lhnf] ul/ lzlj/x? aGg g;s]kl5 % ut] leq lgwf{l/t :yndf pkl:yt eO;s]sf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x? clxn] hldg cf]R5\ofP/ / cfsfz cf]8]/ v'Nnf d}bfgdf :jtGq?kaf6 ;'Tg a:g afWo ag]sf] 5g\ . To:t} !) ut] leq cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nfu' ul/;Sg] / afF8kmfF8 ul/P adf]lhdsf] cGtl/d ;+;bsf] u7g, jt{dfg ;+;bsf] lj37g tyf !% ut] leqdf dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g eO{;Sg' kg]{ xf] . h;sf nflu cufj} dfcf]jfbLsf xltof/df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] tfnf nflu ;Sg' kg]{ / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+/f;+sf] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg lqkIfLo ;+Demf}tf eO{;Sg' kg]{ nufotsf ljifodf ;Demf}tf / ;xdlt klg @@ ut] g} eO{;s]sf] xf] . t/ aL; afO{; lbgsf] cjlwnfO{ ;j} sfo{ ;DkGg u/fpg] Dofb tf]s]/ ul/Psf] ;dembf/Ln] ;dofefjsf sf/0f clxn] km]n vfPsf] 5 / ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfaLr km]l/ z+sf, pkz+sf / lr;f]kg knfpg ;Sg] l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . Ps ljz]if z'qsf cg';f/ ljut $ lbg b]lv ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 aLr ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf xltof/ cg'udg sfo{sf nflu ljlwjt …lgo'lQmÚ lbg] ljifodf x:tfIf/ ug]{ lznlznfdf a;]sf] a}7s ;/sf/L Pj+ dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfn] cf–cfkm\gf :jfy{df c8fg lnPsf sf/0f ljjfbsf] rk]6fdf km;]sf] 5 . lzlj/df xltof/ yGSofP/ ;+o'[Qm /fi6«;+3sf] tfnf nfUg] / rflj eg] dfcf]jfbL l;t} x/g] elgP klg dfcf]jfbLn] lzlj/df a:bf cfkm\gf n8fs'x?n] z;:q o'2cEof;nfO{ hfl/ /fVg kfpg' kg]{ c8fg lnPkl5 ljut $ lbg b]lv jftf{df cj/f]w cfO{/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL kIfn] yf]/} dfq cfkm\gf xltof/ tfnfleq /fVg] / w]/} h;f] xltof/ jflx/} /fVg] h;n] ;z:q o'2Eof; klg x'g] / lzlj/sf] ;'/Iff klg x'g] eg]/ c8fg /fv] kl5 ljjfb emg rls{Psf] atfOG5 . To;}ul/ ;/sf/L kIfn] dfcf]jfbLsf xltof/ sdJofs cnu cnu x'g] ePkl5 ;z:q ;}Go cEof;sf] s'g} cf}lrTo g/xg] tyf lzlj/ xltof/sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu yf]/} dfq xltof/ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf ;fydf /fv]/ afFls ;a} xltof/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] tfnfdf /fVg} kg]{ To;kl5 dfq} cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nfu' u/]/ cGtl/d ;+;b / cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg] elg c8fg /fv]sf] s'/f aftf{df ;Da4 ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] To; s'/fnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf k|ltlglwn] klg cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] ;|f]tsf] egfO{ 5 . ;Dejt o;} ljjfbsf sf/0f Oofg dfl6{g # lbg cl3g} o; ljifodf ljz]if lgb]{zg k|fKtsf nflu / clxn] ;Dd g]kfndf zflGt k|lqmofdf eP u/]sf sfo{x?sf] k|ult ljj/0f ;d]t a'emfpgsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;lrjfno uPsf x'g\ elgG5 . otf @@ ut] b]lvsf] ;do tflnsf adf]lhd ;/sf/n] ;dodf sfo{ ;DdGg ug{ g;s]kl5 ;/sfdf hfg l9nfO{ x'g] l:ylt b]v]/ cfqmf]lzt ag]sf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] cfOtaf/ cfkm\gf] cfqmf]z k|wfgdGqL ;dIf kf]v]/ ;sf/n] if8\oGq ug{ nfu]sf] elg cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ ;d]t ;fy} lnP/ k|df] lgjf; jfn'jf6f/ k'u]sf k|r08nfO{ k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] dfcf]jfbLsf 5fkfdf/x? c:yfO{ lzlj/df a;]/ pgLx?sf xltof/x? e08f/0f u/] kl5 / To;df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgu/fgL z'? ge} dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df ;fd]n gu/fOg] c8fg k'gM bf]xf]¥ofPkl5 k|r08n] cfkm'x?dfly if8\Gq x'g nfusf] t xf]Og < eg]/ k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfz+sf JoQm u/]sf] / To;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ lul/hf / k|r08aLr rsf{ rsL{ k/]sf] s'/f Ps afn'jf6f/ ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 . k|r08n] olb ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] cfkm\gf] cg'udg k|lqmofnfO{ ^ dlxgf ;Dd klg z'? gu/] s] cfkm"x?n] ToltGh]n xft afFw]/ a:g] < eGg] k|Zg ub}{ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ r]tfjgL ;d]t lbPsf] eGg] ;|f]tsf] bfjL 5 . ;sf/n] dfcf]jfbLn] k6s k6s cGtl/d ;+ljwfdf 5nkmn ug{ dfu ubf{ klg gdfg]sf] cf/f]k klg k|r08n] ;f] cj;/df nufPsf lyP . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ k|r08n] k|wfgdGqL ;dIff d+|l;/ !% ut]sf] Dofb ;lsPdf To;kl5 k'gM ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt cfpg ;Sg] elg r]tfjgL ;d]t lbPsf] atfOG5 . o;}aLr l5d]sL /fi6«ef/tn] g]kfnsf] zlGt k|lqmofdf k5fl8sf] 9f]sf af6 l5/]/ x:tIf]k ug]{ if8\oGqsf] z'?jft u/]sf] 5 . lj:tf/} Pj+ ghflgbf] k|sf/af6 ef/tn] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf …Aofs 8'j/Ú k|of]u ul/ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ vnjNofpg] /0fgLlt lnPsf] cfz+sf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o;} kl/k|]Iodf clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf xltof/ ;dfof]hgsf ljifo p7L/x]sf] a]nf ef/tn] xltof/ /fVg] ljz]if k|sf/sf sG6]g/x? cfkm"n] b'O{ lbg leqsf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] eGb} To;} k|:tfjsf ;fy cfkm\gf ljb]z ;lrj lzjz+s/ d]ggnfO{ ef]ln g]kfn k7fpb}5 . d]ggn] g]kfn cfP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ , dcf]jfbL Pj+ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;dIf cfkm\gf] k;/sf/sf] To; k|:tfjnfO{ /fVg] atfOPsf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5 , o; cl3 ef/tn] g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL cg'udgdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 6f]lnsf ljz]if1sf ?kdf cfkm\gf xltof/ lj1 ;}lgsx?nfO{ ;dfj]; u/fOg' kg]{ elg bjfj lbPsf]df ;+/f;+n] ef/tsf] ;f] k|:tfjnfO{ kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] efF8f]df xflnlbPkl5 clxn] ef/tn] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf x:tIf]ksf nflu of] gofF /0fgLlt ckgfPsf] s'/f ;Dj4 ;|f]tn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/ g]kfns]f zflGt k|lqmofdf lbglbg} eO{/x]sf] l9nfO{n] ljb]zL rnv]nn] cj;/ kfpg] / km]l/ g]kfndf åGå rls{g ;Ss] cfz+sf hlGdg] k|z:t} Ejfªx? b]vf kg{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] hlt ;Sbf] rfF8f] ;DalGwt kIfx?n] a'l4 k'¥ofP/ ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ xft]dfnf] u/]/ cl3 a9\g ;s] dfq d'n'sdf zflGt cfpg] / d'n'sn] cu|ult lng ;Snf gq s] x'G5 eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .

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sf7df8f}+÷ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] cWoIf k|r08n] cfkm\gf] !! jif]{ /Qmkftk"0f{ …hgo'4ÚnfO{ kl/Tofu ul/ …;]km Nofl08ªÚ ub}{ ljZj sDo'lg:6 ljrf/wf/f / dfu{ lgb]{zg ljkl/t kf6L{sf] cleofgnfO{ ltnf~hln lbP/ ;+emf}tfnfO{ c+ufn]/ k|ltlqmofafbLx?l;t ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g] b:tfj]hdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] eGb} …qmflGtsf/L cGt/fli6«ojfbL cfGbf]ngÚ l/dn] k|r08nfO{ ;f] ;+u7gsf] ;b:oaf6 lgsfNg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . l/dn] dfq} geP/ blIf0f Plzofln dfcf]jfbL ;+u7g …sDkf];fÚ n] klg g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;Demf}tfjfbL /0fgLlt ckgfP/ ax'bnLo k4ltdf k|j]z u/]sf] eGb} cWoIf k|e08nfO{ To; ;+:yfsf] tby{ ;ldltsf] ;b:otfaf6 lg:sfzg ug]{ lgwf] u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . g]kfndf ljut !! jif]{ dfcf]jfbL ;z:q åGånfO{ clxn] ;Ddsf] cj:yfdf NofOk'¥ofpg l/d / sDkf];fn] g} ;a} eGbf w]/} ;xof]u u/]sf dfq} lyPgg\ , pgLx?n] ljZjd} g]kfnnfO{ klxnf] dfcf]jfbL d'n's 3f]if0ff ug]{ tof/L ;d]t u/]sf lyP . g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ljZjJofkL ?kdf k|rf/jfhL / gf/fx?;d]t pgLx?n] g} km}nfPsf lyP eg] xftxltof/, k};f / cfjZos k/]df n8fs'x? ;d]t lbP/ ;xof]u ub}{ l/d / sDkf];fn] g]kfnnfO{ d'lQmsf] k|yd d'n's eg]/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu ;a} ?kaf6 tDtof/ kf/]sf] lyof] . t/ P}g df}sfdf cfP/ dfcf]jfbLn] hgo'4sf ;Dk"0f{ of]hgf ljkl/t o'4sfndf cufl8 ;fl/Psf of]hgfx?, gf/f Pj+ sfo{qmdx? nufot ;a}s'/fnfO{ ltnf~hln lbP/ ax'blno /fhgLlts wf/df ;dfj]z x'g] lg0f{o ub}{ dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 :jo+n] j[xt zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ;d]t ul/;s]kl5sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ca g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sfvL Rofk]df l/d / sDkf];fs} cl:tTjdf wSsf nfUg ;Sg] dx;'z ul/ tL b'j} ;+u7gx?n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] ;b:otfaf6 lgZsf;g ug]{ lgwf] u/]sf] xf] elgG5 . w]/} klxn] b]lv sltko sDo'lg:6 ljrf/sf cGtl/i6«o ljåfgx?n] cWoIf k|r08sf] ;d'xn] dfcf]jfbL d'nwf/ kl/Tofu ul/ ljrf/df kl/jt{g / sfo{z}lndf leGgtfNofPsf] eGb} p;sf] zflGtk"0f{ 9+uaf6 cl3 a9\g] eGg] lg0f{osf] v'n]/ cfnf]rgf ul/;s]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbLn] eg] To; cfnf]rgfsf] 96]/ lj/f]w ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . t/ clxn] cfP/ dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] sDo'lg:6 d'nwf/ kl/Tofu ul/ ax'bnLo k4ltsf] /fhgLlts kl/kf6L{ cufNg] b:tfj]hdf x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL dfly nfu]sf] ;Demf}tfjfbLsf] cf/f]k ;To ;fljt e};s]sf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf ca p;nfO{ l/d / sDkf];f ;b:o agfO/fVg' b'j} ;+u7gn] plrt g7fg]/ cWoIf k|r08nfO{ l/d / sDkf];fn] lgZsf;g u/]sf] s'/f ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 . o; lg0f{on] cWoIf k|r08dfly 7"n} sfjf{xL ePsf] x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg ;j{q nufpg yflnPsf] 5 .
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P3f/ jif{b]lv g]kfnLn] g]kfnLsf] /ut aufpg] v]n v]Nb} cfPsf] eofjx åGånfO{ % d+l;/sf] b'OkIfLo zflGt ;Demf}tfn] s]xL dfqdf eP klg lgoGq0df lnPsf] 5 . nueu !% xhf/n] Hofg u'dfP, nfvf}+ ckfË eP / nfvf}+ g]kfnLx? cfGtl/s / jfx\o z/0ffyL{ aGg' k/]sf] s'/f clxn] klg h:tfsf] t:t} 5 . zflGt ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] eP klg / dfcf]jfbLn] !! jif]{sfndf n'6]sf, ckx/0f u/]sf, sAhf u/]sf hgtfsf wg ;DklQx? lkmtf{ lbg] elgP klg lj:yflktx? 9'Ss;fy 3/ kmls{g] / cfkm\gf] x/0f ul/Psf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ kfpg] aftfj/0f clxn] klg aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ lsgf/sf] ;fIfL /fv]/ zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ePklg Tof] sfuhdf dfq} l;ldt /x]sf] 5 . s]lGb|o ;Qfsf g]tfx?n] ;/sf/ / /fi6«;+3 ;+u ldn]/ d'n'sdf zflGt Nofpg x:tfIf/ u/]klg sltko c;Gt'i6 eP/, sltko /f]lh/f]6L ;dfKt x'g] eon], sltn] efua08f gkfPsf sf/0f / sltn] km]b / 6'Kkf] g} yfxf gkfP/ pQm zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfo{Gjog ug]{ kIfdf :jo+ dfcf]jfbL g]tf sfo{stf{x? g/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . d'n'sel/ ckx/0f, rGbf cft+s, jfn;}Go elt{, sAhf n'6kf6 / xltof/sf] qf; b]vfpb} cfPsf] dfcf]jfbL lqmofsnfkdf Ps/lQ klg sld gcfPsf] eGb} ;f+;bx?n] Ps :j/n] ;/sf/sf] c;Ifdtf / dfcf]jfbLsf] cst{Jotf k|lt cfqmf]z JoQm ug'{n] sfuhsf] k|ltj4tfsf] cf}lrTo dfly k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] åGå lj:yfkg / zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o If]qaf6 Oltxf;s} ;j{yf gf}nf] g]kfnL df]8fln6L eGg] pkfwL lbPsf] / o; df]8fln6LnfO{ ljZj JofkL agfpg /fi6«;+3n] cx+d kxn ;d]t ug]{ s'/f pl7;s]sf] 5 . ljZje/L e}/x]sf] åGåsf] ;dfwgdf b]lvb}+ cfPsf] ;d:ofx? oyfjt /x]s]f cj:yfdf åGå ;dfwg / zflGt :yfkgfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xL dfcf]jffbL kIfn] ldn]/ b]vfPsf] ;bf;otfn] clxn] ;Dd h'g Oltxf; agfPsf] 5, To; P]ltxf;s 3f]if0fnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf nu]/ gofF rdTsf/ ug'{kg]{ j]nf cfPsf] 5 . ;f]djf/;Dd ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIfjLr ljut rf/ lbg b]lv rGb} cfPsf] dfcf]jfbL xltof/ Joj:yfkg ;DalGw aftf{nfO{ b'j} kIfn] c;kmn kfg]{ tkm{ nu]sf] eGg] egfOn] n]lvPsf] Oltxf; d]6\g] k|ToGg x'g] xf] ls Û eGg] qf; klg plAhPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] xltof/ Joj:yfkg geO~Ho]n cGtl/d ;+ljwg nfu" gx'g] tyf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cGtl/d ;+;b / cGtl/d ;/sf/df klg ;xeflutf gu/fOg] eGg] k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] egfO{ c8fgsf ;fy cfOtjf/ k'gM bf]xf]l/P kl5 ;f]djf/ klg xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu lqkIfLo x:tfIf/ x'g g;Sg' b'ef{Uok"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] dfcf]jfbL kIfl;t zflGt jftf{ z'? u/]kl5 g} eGb} cfPsf] klxn] xltof/ Joj:yfkg / kl5 cGtl/d ;/sf/ eGg] s'/fdf ul/Psf] c8fgnfO{ lgxF kf/]/ dfcf]jfbLn] klg P]ltxfl;s zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ ljkmn kfg]{ tkm{ ca s'g} lqmofsnfk ug'{ :jo+nfO{ g} wf]sf lbg' ;/x x'g]df b'Odt x'g] 5}g . ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx? Tofu ub}{ cfP/, xflQ l5l/;s] kl5 k'R5/ dfq} c8\lsPsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf k'R5/sf sf/0f ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] efUonfO{ cFWof/f]df kfg]{ sfd s;}af6 x'g' x'Fb}g . To;}n] ljZjd} ;j{yf gf}nf], cfZro{hgs / P]ltxf;s g]kfnL zflGt df]8fln6LnfO{ ;+;f/s} nflu cfZro{sf] ?k lbnfpg ca dfcf]jfbL kIfn] klg nflu kg'{ kg]{ / c8\lsPsf] k'R5/ klg v':sfpg sfof{GjognfO{ ltj|tf lbg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

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…dlxnfn] k'?if ;/x sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\Ú eGg]x?sf] d'vdf pgLx?n] a'emf] nufO lbPsf 5g\ . 3/sf] sfd dfq} xf]Og, ;dfhdf k'?ifn] dfq ug]{ eg]/ lrlgPsf l;+rfO, gx/, jf6f]3f6f], s'nf] agfpg], d/Ddt ug]{ b]lv >dbfdsf] ;a} sfddf dlxnf v6\g yfn]sf 5g\ . o;n] …dlxnfn] sfd ug{ g;Sg]Ú k'?ifsf] egfOnfO{ r'gf}lt lbPsf] 5 . k'?ifn] ug]{ sfddf dlxnfn] xft xfn] kl5 sfd cg';f/sf] e"ldsf vf]Hg' :jfefljs lyof] . pgLx?n] Tof] clwsf/ vf]h] klg . l;+rfO ;DalGw dlxnfn] To; ;DaGwL gLltut sfd x'g] pkef]Qmf ;dltdf cfˆgf] ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ cfjfh p7fP . t/ k'?ifx?n] pgLx?nfO{ sfddf ;Fu} lnP/ uPklg ;ldltdf a:g lbg] jftfj/0f agfOlbPgg\ . dlxnfx? ;ldltdf a:g'x'b}g eGb} To;sf nflu cj/f]w ;d]t l;h{gf u/] . pgLx?n] …o:tf] sfd k'?ifn] dfq ug'{k5{, /fhgLlts ug]{ 7fpFdf dlxnf j;]sf] ;'xfpFb}gÚ ;Dd eg] . t/ dlxnfnfO{ Tof] ;Xo} ePg . dlxnf ePs} sf/0f o:tf] e]befj ePkl5 alb{ofsf] 9f]9/L Onfsf cGt/utsf] l;+rfO{ hn pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf dlxnfn] To; lj?4 rsf]{ cfjh p7fP . 9f]9/L, aUgfxf, ;fgf]>L, /f/ftfn uflj; / u'nl/of gu/kflnsf If]qsf ls;fg ;+u7g ;ldltdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf z'Go lyof] . aNn aNn k'?ifn] ug]{ sfddf xft xfn]/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf klg cfkm\gf] :yfg vf]Hg yfn]sf dlxnfn] To;kl5 Psh'6 eO{ ;+ul7g cfjfh p7fpg] lgwf] u/] . dlxnf ;xeflutf geP ;ldltsf ;j} sfd 7Kk kfl/lbg] r]tfjgL ;Dd pgLx?n] lbP . ;'?df s]xL ;'g'jfO{ ePg a? ufpFsf k'?ifn] …kf]yL jf;]sf] /fd|f] x'b}g ÚeGb} sltsf] t cjx]ngf ;d]t u/] t/ dlxnfx? lg/fz ag]gg\ / r'k nfu]/ klg a;]gg\ . ufpF ufpFdf dlxnfnfO{ o;af/] ;r]t u/fpFb} ;+ul7t ug{ yfn] . pgLx?sf] cfjfh rsf]{ aGb} uPkl5 cGttM k'?ifnfO{ dlxnf ;xeflutf :jLsfg{ s/} nfUof] . sfo{ ;ldltdf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fOg] rf;f] b]vfOof] . o;n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf klxnf]k6s dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . …clxn] ;ldltdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\Ú nfdf] ;do ;+3if{ u/]kl5 of] ;kmntf ldn]sf] atfpFb} 9f]9/L & sL k'ikf l;Ub]n elG5g\ …xfdLn] w]/} ;+3if{ ug'{k¥of] Ú l;+rfO{ hn pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] @$ ;b:oLo ;ldltdf clxn] * hgf dlxnf 5g\ . sfo{ ;ldltdf ## k|ltzt :yfg kfPkl5 dlxnfn] p7fPsf] dfu t s]xL k'/f eof] ca k'?if ;/x pgLx?n] klg ;ldlt leq cfjfh p7fpg ;Sg]5g\ . t/ oyfy{df dlxnfn] cem}klg clwsf/ gkfPsf /x]5g\ . cfkm\gf] gfddf hUufx'g] dlxnfn] dfq ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf gx'g] dlxnf pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf a:g kfpFb}gg\ . lsgsL pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ljwfgdfg} ToxL pNn]v 5 . k'ikf elG5g\ …of] km]l/ e]befj eof] cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf x'g} kg]{ jfWotf 5 . dlxnfsf gfddf hUuf 5}g eGg] yfxf kfP/ hfgLhfgL k'?ifn] o:tf] lgod agfPsf x'g\ .Ú dlxnfx? hUUffsf] e]bfefj g/fvL pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf a:g kfpg'kg]{ dfu ub}{ km]l/ ;+3if{df pq]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] h;/L klg clwsf/ lnO 5f8\g] c7f]6 u/]sf 5g\ …nf]Ug] ;ldltdf a:g kfpg] :jf:gL a:g gkfpg] of] s:tf] lgod xf]Ú . 9f]9/LsL ;Ltf l;Ub]n elG5g\ …ca xfdL ;x]/ a:b}gf}+ ;lhn} gePkl5 n8]/ Tof] clwsf/ lnO 5f8\5f}Ú. l;+rfO hn pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ls;fgx?sf] ;femf ;+:yf xf] . /fd|f] l;+rfO ;'ljwf geP l;+uf] kl/jf/ ef]s ef]s} /xg] vt/f /xG5 . l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf gePsf 7fpFdf l;+rfO k'¥ofpg], ;d'bfodf l;+rfO ;DalGwg} of]hgf, gLlt / sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{, k/]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltg} xf] . s[lifsf] sfddf klg dlxnfsf] ;xeflut pNn]Vo 5 . t/ ltg} dlxnfx? pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf eg] a:g gkfpg' lj8Dagf xf] . o;df afws l;+rfO{ hn pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ljwfg ag]sf] 5 . ljwfgdf …cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf x'g]x?dfq pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf a:g kfpg] c?n] gkfpg]Ú pNn]v 5 . t/ clwsf+z dlxnfx?sf] cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf 5}g . k'?if k|wfg ;dfhdf dlxnfsf gfddf hUuf ePsf b'n{e dfq} e]l6G5g\ . To;}n] dlxnfsf nflu pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf :yfg kfpg' Psbd} ufx|f] sfd xf] .…Pp6f kl/jf/ h;sf] gfddf hUuff eP klg kl/jf/sf ;j} ;b:osf] j/fj/ clwsf/ x'G5 , nf]Ug] ;ldltdf a:5 eg] :jf:gL kgL a:g kfpg' k5{ Ú . ;Ltf l;Ub]n elG5g\ …dlxnfsf gfddf hUuf gePsf] hfGbf hfGb} ljwfgdf ToxL /fVg' dlxnfdfly hfgL hfgL e]befj ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] .Ú dlxnfx?n] ;xeflutf vf]h] klg ;ldltsf cWoIf /ljGb| axfb'/ zfxn] nf]Ug]sf] gfddf ePsf] hUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf kf; ug{ dlxnfnfO{ ;'emfj lbP Tolt ePkl5 ;ldltdf ;dft x}l;t /fVg s;}sf] cj/f]w gx'g] pgsf] egfO lyof] . ;ldltsf] sf]iffWoIf s]bf/ l;Ub]n cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf gePsf nfO{ ;b:otf lbg gldNg] / dlxnfn] cfkm\g} nf]Ug];Fu n8]/ hUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf ug'{kg]{ atfpF5g\ . t/, dlxnfn] o;f] ug'{ ;lhnf] s'/f xf]Og . klxnf] s'/f pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf a:gs} nflu nf]Ug]sf] gfdsf] hUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf ug'{ ;lhnf] 5}g . …xfdL ls;fg xf}+ eg] xfd|f gfddf hUuf ePklg gePklg clwsf/ kfpgk5{, rfx] Tof] k'?if xf] of dlxnfÚ eb|f kf08] elG5g\ …of] t rln/x]sf] 3/ kl/jf/df emu8f kfg]{ s'/f eof], cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf gePklg xfdL ;ldltdf a:g kfpg' k5{ .Ú To;sf nflu xfdL n8\g tof/ 5f}+ . 9f]9/L Onfsf cGt/ut kg]{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf dlxnfn] t a]n}df cfjfh p7fP/ cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf ePsf]n] dfq} ePklg ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ cj;/ kfP t/ lhNnfsf cGo :yfgsf dlxnfn] ToxL klg kfPsf 5}gg\ . lhNnf l;+rfO pkef]Qmf dxf;+3sf cg';f/, alb{ofdf !# j6f ;ldlt 5g\ . !! j6f t ljlwjt\ btf{ 5g\ t/ tL s'g}df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf 5}g . dxf;+3sf cWoIf 8anl;+x ;fpb dlxnfdfly e]befj gu/]sf] atfpF5g\ . ljwfgdfg} o:tf] ePsfn] o:tf] ePsf] xf] . pgL eG5g\ … ljwfgdf cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf x'g]x? dfq pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g ;Dej 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] s;/L e]befj u¥of}< .Ú pgL eG5g\ To;sf nflu t ljwfgg} kl/jt{g ug'{ k5{ gq c? pkfo 5}g . clwsf/sf nflu ;+3if{df pq]sf dlxnfn] dlxnfdfly e]befj ul/Psf] ljwfg kl/jt{g ul/ dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg df}sf lbg'kg]{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . …dlxnfsf gfddf hUuf x'b} x'b}g eGg] hfGbf hfGb} o:tf] ljwfgsf] s] sfd . ;+;f]wg u/L dlxnfsf nflu klg cj;/ v'nf ug'{ k5{Ú aUgfxsL km'dlt rf}w/L elG5g\ . To;}klg alb{of lhNnf b]zs} cGg e08f/ dflgG5 . ToxfF pTkflbt vfBfGg b]ze/sf dfG5]n] pkef]u u5{g\ . t/ ToxL vfBfGg pTkfbgdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg ePsf dlxnfx? o;/L e"ldsf ljxLg aGg afWo 5g\ . alb{ofdf dlxnf PSn}n] ;fd'bfoLs ag agfPsf pbfx/0f k|;:t 5g\ . dlxnfn] ;+/If0f u/]sf ;fd'bfoLs agdf ag ;+/If0fsf pbfx/0fLo sfd ;d]t ePsf 5g\ . k'?ifn] ;+/If0f u/]sf agdf a? ag km8fgL ePsf] 5 . t/ dlxnfn] u/]sf]df To:tf] 5}g . …xfdL l;+rfOdf klg ToxL ug{ rfxG5f}, PskN6 df}sf t lbg' k¥of]Ú k'ikf l;Ub]n elG5g\ . ;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷ ;~rflnsf ;d'x =+=

;fdfrf/ afb{nL

;b\efjgfsf] ef? af]nL

sf7df8f}÷g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbajL_ n] cfOtjf/ ;+;bn] ax'dtn] kfl/t u/]sf] gful/stf ljw]osnfO{ dfGotf glbg] / gful/stf k|flKtsf] nflu yk cfGbf]ng rsf{pg] ePsf 5f}+ . g]kfnnfO{ ef/ts} Pp6f k|fGtsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf ;Ddsf] k|fjwfg /fv]/ lgdf{0f ul/ h:tsf] t:t} ;+;b af6 kfl/t u/fPsf] gofF gful/stf P]g nfu' eO{;Sbf klg ;bfjgfn] c;Gt'li6 hgfpFb} To;nfO{ cdfGo ug'{n] p;sf] lgotdf vf]6 /x]sf] s'/f j'l4 lhjL x?n] atfPsf] 5g\ . cfdfsf] gful/stfaf6 gful/stf lng ;lsg] s'/ft ljutdf klg yf]/ ax't rn]s} ljifoxf], t/ @)$^ ;fn ;Dd g]kfndf hGdePsf] / ;f] ;do ;Dd g]kfn cP/ a;]sfx? ;j}nfO{ gful/stf lbOg] / # hgfsf] l;kmfl/;df ;d]t gful/stf lbOg] s'/f klg ljw]osdf hgfPsf] cj:yfdf @)^# ;fn h]i7 $ ut] ;Dd g]kfndf cfP/ a;f]jf; ug]{x?nfO{ klg gful/stf lbOg] k|fjwfg /fVg' kg]{ c8fg lnb} ;b\efjgfn] gofF gful/stf P]gnfO{ cdfGo 3f]if0ff u/]sf atfOG5 . t/ p;sf] Tof] dfu adf]lhd gful/stf ljt/0f ug]{ xf] eg] sl/j ! s/f]8 ef/tLox?n] gful/stf lng] 5g\ elg lj1x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . olb lj1x?sf] s'/fnfO{ ;To dfGg] xf] eg] g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{s g]tfx? ;t\k|ltzt ef/tLo k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf] / g]kfnnfO{ ef/tLo Ps k|fGtdf kl/0ft ug{ e/dhb'/ k|oGt ul//x]sf] s'/f pgLx?sf] at{dfg c8fgn] :ki6 kfl//x]sf] 5 elg ko{j]Ifsx?n] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . P3f/ jif{b]lv g]kfnLn] g]kfnLsf] /ut aufpg] v]n v]Nb} cfPsf] eofjx åGånfO{ % d+l;/sf] b'OkIfLo zflGt ;Demf}tfn] s]xL dfqdf eP klg lgoGq0df lnPsf] 5 . nueu !% xhf/n] Hofg u'dfP, nfvf}+ ckfË eP / nfvf}+ g]kfnLx? cfGtl/s / jfx\o z/0ffyL{ aGg' k/]sf] s'/f clxn] klg h:tfsf] t:t} 5 . zflGt ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] eP klg / dfcf]jfbLn] !! jif]{sfndf n'6]sf, ckx/0f u/]sf, sAhf u/]sf hgtfsf wg ;DklQx? lkmtf{ lbg] elgP klg lj:yflktx? 9'Ss;fy 3/ kmls{g] / cfkm\gf] x/0f ul/Psf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ kfpg] aftfj/0f clxn] klg aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ lsgf/sf] ;fIfL /fv]/ zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ePklg Tof] sfuhdf dfq} l;ldt /x]sf] 5 . s]lGb|o ;Qfsf g]tfx?n] ;/sf/ / /fi6«;+3 ;+u ldn]/ d'n'sdf zflGt Nofpg x:tfIf/ u/]klg sltko c;Gt'i6 eP/, sltko /f]lh/f]6L ;dfKt x'g] eon], sltn] efua08f gkfPsf sf/0f / sltn] km]b / 6'Kkf] g} yfxf gkfP/ pQm zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfo{Gjog ug]{ kIfdf :jo+ dfcf]jfbL g]tf sfo{stf{x? g/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . d'n'sel/ ckx/0f, rGbf cft+s, jfn;}Go elt{, sAhf n'6kf6 / xltof/sf] qf; b]vfpb} cfPsf] dfcf]jfbL lqmofsnfkdf Ps/lQ klg sld gcfPsf] eGb} ;f+;bx?n] Ps :j/n] ;/sf/sf] c;Ifdtf / dfcf]jfbLsf] cst{Jotf k|lt cfqmf]z JoQm ug'{n] sfuhsf] k|ltj4tfsf] cf}lrTo dfly k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] åGå lj:yfkg / zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o If]qaf6 Oltxf;s} ;j{yf gf}nf] g]kfnL df]8fln6L eGg] pkfwL lbPsf] / o; df]8fln6LnfO{ ljZj JofkL agfpg /fi6«;+3n] cx+d kxn ;d]t ug]{ s'/f pl7;s]sf] 5 . ljZje/L e}/x]sf] åGåsf] ;dfwgdf b]lvb}+ cfPsf] ;d:ofx? oyfjt /x]s]f cj:yfdf åGå ;dfwg / zflGt :yfkgfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xL dfcf]jffbL kIfn] ldn]/ b]vfPsf] ;bf;otfn] clxn] ;Dd h'g Oltxf; agfPsf] 5, To; P]ltxf;s 3f]if0fnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf nu]/ gofF rdTsf/ ug'{kg]{ j]nf cfPsf] 5 . ;f]djf/;Dd ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIfjLr ljut rf/ lbg b]lv rGb} cfPsf] dfcf]jfbL xltof/ Joj:yfkg ;DalGw aftf{nfO{ b'j} kIfn] c;kmn kfg]{ tkm{ nu]sf] eGg] egfOn] n]lvPsf] Oltxf; d]6\g] k|ToGg x'g] xf] ls Û eGg] qf; klg plAhPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] xltof/ Joj:yfkg geO~Ho]n cGtl/d ;+ljwg nfu" gx'g] tyf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cGtl/d ;+;b / cGtl/d ;/sf/df klg ;xeflutf gu/fOg] eGg] k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] egfO{ c8fgsf ;fy cfOtjf/ k'gM bf]xf]l/P kl5 ;f]djf/ klg xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu lqkIfLo x:tfIf/ x'g g;Sg' b'ef{Uok"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] dfcf]jfbL kIfl;t zflGt jftf{ z'? u/]kl5 g} eGb} cfPsf] klxn] xltof/ Joj:yfkg / kl5 cGtl/d ;/sf/ eGg] s'/fdf ul/Psf] c8fgnfO{ lgxF kf/]/ dfcf]jfbLn] klg P]ltxfl;s zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ ljkmn kfg]{ tkm{ ca s'g} lqmofsnfk ug'{ :jo+nfO{ g} wf]sf lbg' ;/x x'g]df b'Odt x'g] 5}g . ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx? Tofu ub}{ cfP/, xflQ l5l/;s] kl5 k'R5/ dfq} c8\lsPsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf k'R5/sf sf/0f ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] efUonfO{ cFWof/f]df kfg]{ sfd s;}af6 x'g' x'Fb}g . To;}n] ljZjd} ;j{yf gf}nf], cfZro{hgs / P]ltxf;s g]kfnL zflGt df]8fln6LnfO{ ;+;f/s} nflu cfZro{sf] ?k lbnfpg ca dfcf]jfbL kIfn] klg nflu kg'{ kg]{ / c8\lsPsf] k'R5/ klg v':sfpg sfof{GjognfO{ ltj|tf lbg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

k|x/Lsf] ckx/0f / s'6kL6

dfcf]jfbLn] hg;fwf/0fx?nfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ dfq} xf]Og ;]gf / k|x/Lsf hjfgx?nfO{ ckx/0f ug]{, s'6kL6 ug]{{ nufotsf 36gfx? clxn] s]xL lbg otf cem lta| agfPsf 5g\ . 3/df ljbfdf uPsf ;}lgs, ;z:q k|x/L / hgky k|x/Lsf hjfgx?nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng] / s'6kL6, xTof nufotsf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ca cfˆgf] 8\o'6L ahfpg uPsf k|x/Lx?nfO{ klg sfo{:yn af6}–ckx/0f s'6kL6 nufotsf tNnf]:t/sf] sfo{ ug{yfn]sf] kfOPsf]5. uPsf] a'waf/ :yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf] emu8f ldnfpg uPsf k|x/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] ;'s]wf/faf6 ckx/0f u/L d/0ff;Gg x'g]ul/ s'6kL6 u/]/ 5fl8 lbPsf] s'/f yfxf ePsf]5 . pQm lbg ljxfg :yfgLo ;'s]wf/fsf b'O{ ;d"xaLr emu8f ePsf] va/ kfPkl5 ;f] emu8f ldnfpg elg k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs /fdaxfb'/ sfsL{ s]xL ;xof]uLsf;fy 36\gf:yn k'u]sf lyP . b'O{ ;d"xaLr emfu8f ldnfO{/x]sf] a]nf crfgs dfcf]jfbLsf] Ps hTyf ToxfF k'u]/ c;O{ sfsL{nfO{ hah{:tL ckx/0f u/L nu]sf lyP . To;kl5 c;O {sfsL{nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] s'k08f]nsf] sfof{nodf k'¥ofP/ lg3f{t s'6kL6 u/L j8fk|x/L sfof{no ;fg]kfdf lhDdf nufPsf lyP . k|x/L >f]tsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLn] c;O sfsL{nfO{ afFw]/ k}tfnfdf kfOkn] lg3f{t s'6kL6 u/]sf lyP . o;}aLr c;O{ sfsL{nfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ dWo] ls/fFt /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf ;xfos sdf08/ lje; g]DdfË / ldlnl;of lblnk /fO{nfO{ uf}zfnfk|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L xg'dfg 9f]sfnfO{ a'emfPsf] s'/f k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . ptf clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] cg'udgdf /flvg] ePkl5 pQm ;]gfsf] :yfgdf lkmN8df uP/ sfo{ug{ dfcf]jfbLn] …o'jf sDo'lgi6 lnuÚ u7g u/]/ ;~rfngdf Nofpg] s'/f atfOPsf] 5 . ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf dfcf]jfbL ;lrj dfwj zdf{n] …o'2df ;+nUg hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ lzlj/df k7fof}+, ca sfo{stf{x?nfO{ o'jf sDo'lgi6 lnu-jfO{;LPn_sf] ?kdf k|of]u u5f}{Ú elg atfPkl5 dfcf]jfbLsf] lqmofsnfkdf km]l/ csf]{ ltj|tf cfpg] / pgLx?n] cfˆgf] s'g} klg ultljwL aGb gug]{ :ki6 ePsf] elg /fhgLlts If]qdf l6sf l6Kk0fL z'? ePsf] 5 . clxn] ?kGb]xLsf ufpF ufpFdf dfcf]jfbLn] pQm lnu agfpg] cleofg rnfPsf] s'/f lhNnf ;lrj zdf{n] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] cfkm"x?sf] To; sfo{nfO{ gofF ;}Go etL{ eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg yflnPsf] u'gf;f] ub}{{ eg] …sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf] o'js ;+u7g h:t} xfd|f] of] ;+u7g xf] .Ú t/ :yfgLo k|ToIfbzL{{{sf cg';f/ clxn] dfcf]jfbLn] ?kGb]xLsf] dfgks8L, cd'jf, k/f]{xf, ;]dnf/, df]]ltk'/, agufO{ nufotsf If]qaf6 kl5 /fli6«o ;]gfdf elt{ u/fOg] / xfnnfO{ /fd|f] tna lbP/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf etL{ ug]{ klg !% b]lv @^ aif{ pd]/ ;Ddsf o'jfx? nfO{ ha/h:tL hg;]gf df etL{ u/fO{ /x]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 . o;}aLr dfcf]jfbLsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf 8]k'6L sdf08/ gGblszf]/ k'g -kf;fª_ n] cfufdL x'g] elgPsf] ;+ljwfg ;efdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf jfws gaGg] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . …xfd|f] ;]gf /xltof/af/] unt cy{ nufP/ hgtfnfO{ ql;t agfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;efdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf afws aGb}g .Ú kf;fªn] atfPsf 5g\ . kf;fªsf] egfOdf ca aGg] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg u/] adf]lhd 6'+uf] nfUg]u/L clxn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ c:yfoL lzlj/df /flvP klg pQm hgzlQmnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug'{k5{ eGg] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] ;f]r /x]sf] 5 . kf;fªn] atfP cg';f/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg cufj} ;/sf/L ;]gf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf hgzlQmnfO{ ;b'kof]u ul/g] 5 . pgn] g]tf /fdaxfb'/ yfkf- afbn_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ul7t sfo{bnn] lbPsf] ;'emfj adf]lhd ;a} If]qnfO{ ;d]l6g] ul/ cGtl/d ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj x'g] klg atfP .

g]kfn–ef/t ;+o'Qm k|fljlws ;Ldf ;ldlt

sf7df8f}+ ÷ef/tjif{ la|l6z zf;g cGtu{t /x]sf ;dodf g]kfn / tTsfngLg ef/tsf aLr c+sg ePsf] l;dfgfsf] x]/rfx ug{ ;d]t eLd;]g yfkfn] d'G;Lvfgfsf] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . d'G;LvfgfcGtu{t b'O{j6f kmfF6 v8f ul/Psf] lyof] . ltAat;Fusf] l;dfgf / Aofkf/ dfldnf x]g]{ kmfF6nfO{ h};L sf]7f elgGYof] eg] ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw, /fxbfgL tyf ;fFw– l;dfgfsf] sfd OnfOrL sf]7f eGg] kmfF6n] uYof]{ . lhNnfsf dw]z uf]Zjf/f cGtu{t /x]sf d'G;Lx?n] d'n'ssf] ef/t;Fu hf]l8Psf] cfkm\gf] ;/xbsf] ;fFw–l;dfgfsf] x]/larf/ ug]{ / a]nf avtdf hfx]/L ug]{ sfd uy}{ . hg;+Vof a[l4sf] sf/0fn] dw]z l;dfgf If]qsf] hldg cfjfbLdf kl/0ft x'g] qmd qmdzM a9\b} hfg nfUof] . o;sf ;fy} ;/sfn] t/fO{df dn]l/of -cf}nf]h/f]_ lgoGq0f ug]{ k|lqmof ckgfof], kxf8sf kl/jf/nfO{ t/fO{+tkm{ lj:yflkt ug{ nfluof], t/fO{sf h+unx? s6fg–5kfg u/]/ cfjfbLsf] If]qkmn a9fOof] . o;sf ;fy}{ ;Ldfkf/L ef/ttkm{sf] efudf klg hg3gTj a9g\ nfUof] . o;sf] kmn:j?k 7fpF 7fpFsf ;Ldf/]vf d]l6g k'Uof], ;Ldf:tDex? nf]k x'g nfUof] . o;afx]s ;LdfIf]qdf au]sf gbLx?n] cf;kf;sf ;LdfnÝfx? aufP/ l;dfgf c:ki6 kf/]sf]n] b'O{ d'n'saLrsf] l;dfgfsf] sltko :yfg wldn]f aGgk'Uof] . o;} l;nl;nfdf g]kfntkm{ af6 ef/t;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;Ldf/]vfsf] l:lylt, vDafx/sf] cj:yf, bzuhf If]qsf] kl/l:yltsf ;DaGwdf lg/LIf0f ul/ k|ltj]bg lbg k//fi6«÷u[x tyf gfkLsf clws[tx? ePsf] 6f]nL u7g eof] . of] 6f]nLn] ;Dat\ @))@÷@#÷@$ ;fndf bf}8fxf ubf{ l;dfgfsf sltko a[Qv08df l;dfgfsf] gfdf]lg;fgf ge]l6Psf], ;of}+ ;LdfvDaf kQf gnfu]sf], Tof] eGbf klg a9L ;+Vofdf nÝfx/sf] cj:yf eTsL lau|L bogLo cj:yfdf /x]sf] / s}og 7fpFdf bzuhfleq klg cfjfb u'Nhf/ u/]sf] ;h{ldgd} b]v]sf] ljj/0f ;/sf/ ;dIf k|:t't u¥of] . g]kfnn] vf;u/L cfkm\gf] blIf0f tyf k"j{, klZrdsf ;dtn e"–efudf /x]sf] cfkm\gf] ;fFw l;dfgfsf] lau|bf] l:ylt ePsf] / o;n] sfnfGt/df ;d:of k}bf ug]{ ;Defjgf dx;'; u/]/ g]kfn–ef/t ;+o'Qm lg/LIf0fsf] k|aGw ul/ ;Ldf :ki6 /fVg ef/t ;dIf s'/fsfgL rnfof] . o;} sfjf{xLnfO{ cufl8 a9fpFb} s/La Ps bzssf] enfs';f/L kZrft\ l8;]Da/ !(*) df g]kfn / ef/t ;Ldf;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfd ug{ dGh'/ eof] . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k b'a} b]zsf] lg0f{okZrft @)#* sflQsdf …g]kfn –ef/t ;+o'Qm k|fljlws ;Ldf ;ldltÚ u7g ul/of] . o; ;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7s ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLdf !(*! sf] gf]e]Da/ !%–!& df a:of] . o; ;+o'Qm ;Ldf ;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7ssf] g]t[Tj g]kfnsf tkm{af6 k//fi6« dGqfnosf ljz]if ;lrj ljZj k|wfgn] / ef/tsf tkm{af6 ;e]{ Ol08ofsf ;e]{o/ hg/n n]lkm6g]G6 hg/n s]= Pn= vf];nfn] u/]sf lyP . of] ;ldltsf] d'Vo sfo{ ljj/0f (Terms of Rference) lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 M

!= If]qut -lkmN8df_ ;+o'Qm ;e]{If0f 6f]nLx? v6fpg] .

@= ;e]{If0f 6f]nLsf] lgldQ b'a} b]znfO{ dfGox'g] sfo{;fdu|L tyf sfo{ k4lt-Working materials and procedures) tf]Sg] .

#= olb s'g} If]qsf] k'/fgf gS;f, sfuhft, clen]v s]xL klg ge]l6Pdf b'a} b]znfO{ dfGo x'g] l;dfgf sfod ug]{ .

$= ;+o'Qm lkmN8 lg/LIf0f ug]{ / ;+o'Qm lgb]{zg lbg] .

%=k|fljlws ljz]if j0f{g tyf dfkb08 Specification, Norms & Standard) lgwf{/0f ug]{ . ^= 6f]nLx?sf] k|ult d"Nof+sg ug]{ .

&= cfpFbf] gofF l;hgsf] lgldQ nIo / sfd ug]{ ;]S6/ tf]Sg] .

*= ;ldlt cGtu{t cfjZostfcg';f/ sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg] .

( lhNnf :t/Lo ;ldlt v8f ug]{ .

!) ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{sf] @ k6s cfnf]kfnf] u/L g]kfn tyf ef/tdf ug]{ .

!!= eP u/]sf] sfo{ k|ult cf–cfkm\gf] ;/sf/;dIf k|:t't ug]{ .

!@= gofF ;d:of cfOk/]df cf–cfkm\gf] ;/sf/sf] cf1f (Mandate) lng] .

klZrd g]kfndf O{Zj/Lo rdTsf/

sf7df8f}+ ÷/fHon] cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf / ;/sf/L d'vkq /;/sf/L k|ltlglwTj u/fpFb} cfPsf g]kfn 6]lnlehg, /f;;, uf]/vf–kq nufotsf ;/sf/L ;~rf/sf dfWodx?nfO{ ca ;/sf/L lgoGq0faf6 vf];]/ ;f+;bx?sf] sdfO{ vfg] efF8f]sf] ?kdf kl/0ft u/fOg] ePsf] 5 . ;~rf/ /fHo dGqL lbn]Gb| a8'n] ljlxjf/ a'6jndf Ps sfo{qmddf af]Nb} …ca ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWodx?nfO{ ;+;bLO ;ldlt dftxtdf ;~rrng ug{ Joj:yf ldnfOg nfu]sf]Ú eGg] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . /fHodGqL a8'n] ;~rf/dfWod eg]sf] hgtfsf] ;DklQ ePsf]n] Tof] ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg' gx'g] egL cj To;nfO{ hgtfs} k|ltlgwLx?sf] dftxtdf /fVg nfluPsf] elg atfPkl5 a8'sf] egfO{n] ltg 5Ss k/]sf >f]tf a'l4lhjLx?n] ;+;f/s} klxnf] k6s g]kfnL ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ k+u' agfpg nfluPsf] elg l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .

cd]l/sfsf] dWofjwL r'gfjdf 8]df]qm]l6sn] sAhf hdfof]

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf /fi6«lt hh{ 8An' a';sf ljkIfdf Jofks hgdt b]vf k/]sf] 5 . /fi6«klt a';åf/ rnfOPsf] ljb]z gLltsf sf/0f O/fs, ckmuflg:tfg nufotsf d'n'sx?df cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] lj?4df cd]l/sLF hgtf b[9 ;+sNksf;fy /fi6«klt a';sf ljkIfdf plePsf 5g\ . e/v/} ;DkGg ToxfFsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] dWofjwL lgjf{rgdf a';sf] l/klJnsg kf6L{n] g /fd|f] xf/ Joxf]/]kl5 /fi6«klt a';sf] ca afFsL b'O{ jif{sf] sfo{sfn cToGt si6s/ x'g] ljZjf; ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] ;f] dWojflw lgjf{rgdf !@ jif{kl5 ToxfFsf] 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{n] k|ltlglw;efdf ax'dt xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;efdf cfˆgf] lgoGq0f /fVg ;Sg] l;6x?df ljhoL k|fKt u/]sf] 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf] ljhosf k5fl8 d'Vo d'4f O/fsg} /x]sf] lyof] . clxn] k|ltlglw;efdf cfˆgf] ax'dt cfPkl5 pQm kf6L{n] /fi6«klt a';sf] k|d'v gLltx?df Jofks kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ elg dfu cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . cd]l/ssf] o; dWofjlw lgjf{rgn] NofPsf] gLltut kl/jt{gsf nx/n] /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a'; cToGt} sdhf]/ cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . /fHox?sf] ueg{/, :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef, l;g]6 tyf cd]l/sL k|ltlglw;efsf nflu ePsf] ;f] lgjf{rg jf:tjdf eGg' kbf{ a';sf] zf;g sfnsf] hgdt ;+u|xg} lyof] . o; lgjf{rg kl5 hh{ 8An' a';n] ;g\ !(($ b]lv ks8df lnPsf] k|ltlglw;ef dfq} geP/ pgn] l;g]6df klg ax'dt u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffd lg:sgf;fy 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{n] O/fs o'4 nufot /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a';sf ;a} k|d'v gLltx?df kl/jt{sf] dfu /f]v]sf] 5 . $#% l;6sf] ;+;bdf @@* l;6 k|fKt u/]sf] 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{n] :k:6 jQmfsf] ?kdf lrlgPsL dlxnf gfG;L k]nf];LnfO{ klxnf] k6s dlxnf ;efd'v agfpg nfu]sf] 5 . To;}u/L o;k6s cd]l/sfsf] Oltxf;s} k|yd k6s s]o Pln;g gfds d'l:nd] ljwfos kbdf lgjf{lrt eP/ cfPsf 5g\ . hDdf hDdL !% j6f l;6 xft kfg{ ;s]df ax'dt cfpg]df 8]df]qmof6n] l/klAnsg af6 @! j6f l;6 vf];]/ @@*l;6 xft kf/]/ gofF Oltxf; /r]sf] 5 . otf /fi6«klt a';sf] l/klAnsg kf6L{n] eg] hDDff !(% l;6 dfq xft kfg{ ;s]sf] 5 . To;}u/L 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{n] l;g]6sf] l;6df klg yk sAhf u/]kl5 /fi6«klt a';n] ToxfF klg lrtvfg k'u]sf 5g\ . o; lgjf{rgsf] 7"nf] pknAwLsf ?kdf k"j{/fi6«klt ljn lSn6gsL klTg lxnf/L lSnG6gsf] ljhonfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . >Ldlt lSnG6gn] o; lgjf{rgdf Go"of]s{af6 l;g]6 ;b:odf k'gMljho k|fKt u/]sL l5g\ pgsf] To; ljhon] ;g\ @))* df cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«ktLo lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/L lbg pgnfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] af6f] v'n]sf] 5 eg] 8]df]q]ml6s kf6L{sf] ;g\ @))*df Psdfq /fi6«ktLo pDd]bjf/ >Ldlt lSnG6g dfq x'g] lglZrt k|foM ePsf] 5 . To:t} Soflnkmf]lg{of /fHosf ueg{/ kbdf l/klAnsgsf g]tf tyf k"j{ xlnp8 cleg]tf cgf]{N8 :jfh{g]u/ o;k6s k'gM lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . l;g]6sf] lgjf{rgdf klg 8]df]qm]l6sn] cfˆgf] :yfg alnof] agfPsf] 5 . ! ;o l;6sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] l;g]6sf] ## l;6sf] nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf yk ljho xfl;n u//] 8]df]qm]l6sn] $( :yfgdf k'u]sf] 5 eg] l/klAnsg kf6L{ $( em/]sf] 5 . o;cl3 l/klAnsgsf] %%l;6 / 8]df]qm]l6ssf] $$ l;6 lyof] . clxn] :jtGq pDd]bjf/n] @ :yfg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . hf] 8]df]qm]l6ss} kIfdf /xg] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ %) j6f dWo] #^ j6f /fHodf ue{g/ kbsf nflu klg r'gfj ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf el/ ePsf /fHo ljwfg;efsf r'gfjx?df 8]df]q]ml6s kf6L{n] lg0f{os cu|tf xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . k|f/Deb]lv z'? ePsf] r'gfjL glthfx? clGtd ;do;Dd nuft/ 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{s} kIfdf b]lvPkl5 clxn] Go" XofDk;fo/ b]lv ldlrug /fHo;Dd 8]df]qmof6x?n] PsIfq?kn] ljho xfl;n ul/ d'n'ss} ljwflosfdf pgLx?n] cflwkTo hdfPsf 5g\ . r'gfjdf k"0f{ clwkTo hdfPkl5 clxn] 8]df]qmof6\;x? cd]l/snfO{ gofF lbzf lbg] gLlt lgdf{0fdf nfu]sf 5g\ . /fHo :t/df pgLx?sf] cj gofF gLlt /xg] atfOPsf] 5 . cj pgLx?n] lhNnfx?sf] goFf gS;fª\sg ug]{ s'/f cuf8L ;f/]sf 5g\ . To;sf nlfu uPsf] h'gdf ToxfFsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] /fHo ;/sf/x?nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu af6f] vf]lnPsf] lyof] . otf cd]l/sL lgjf{rgdf ;Qf?9 l/klAnsg kf6L{sf] g/fd|f] k/fho kl5 cd]l/sf dfq} geP/ ljZj el/g} cfZro{ dflgPsf] j]nfdf cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a';n] cfˆgf cToGt lgs6sf ;xof]uL tyf /Iff dGqL 8f]gfN8 /D;km]N8nfO{ kbRo"t u/fO{ pgsf] :yfgdf /f]j6{ u]6\;nfO{ lgo'Qm u/]sf 5g\ . O/fsdf tfhf b[li6sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] eGg] 3f]if0f ub}{ hh {a';n] /D;km]N8nfO{ x6fP/ /f]jf]6{ u]6\;nfO{ NofPsf x'g\ . /f]j6{ u]6\; /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a';sf lktf hh{ a';sf k"j{ ;Nnfxsf/ x'g\ . pgL cd]l/sfsf] cToGt vt/gfs hf;h';L ;+:yf ;LcfOPsf k"j{ k|d'v ;d]t /lx;s]sf 5g\ .otf /D;km]N8sf] kl/Tofu ug{ a';n] cToGt l9nfO{ u/]sf] ePklg clxn] To; sfo{ x'g'nfO{ ljZjsf clwsf+z 7"nf Pj+ zlQm d'n'sx?n] ;sf/fTds dfg]sf 5g\ . ci6«]lnosf k|wfgdGqL hf]g xfjf8{n] a';n] /D; km]N8nfO{ x6fP/ O/fsL hgtfdfyL dfgjLotf b]vfPsf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ To;}u/L hfkfgL /IffdGqLn] clxn] ePsf] kl/jt{g ;'vb ePsf] atfpFb} /D; km]N8sf] cg'bf/jfbL gLltsf sf/0f O/fsn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] sl7gfO{k"0f{ l:yltdf cj ;'wf/ cfpg] 3f]if0f u/]]sf 5g\ . uPsf] a'wjf/ ;DkGg dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf] k|f/lDes glthfnfO{ x]gf{;fy} /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a';n] cfˆgf] of] xf/ O/fs gLlt unt x'g'n]g} ePsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP / pgn] cfˆgf] Tof] unt gLltnfO{ ;Rofpb}}} /D;km]N8nfO{ /IffdGqLaf6 x6fP/ pbf/jfbL gLlt clVtof/ ug{ nfluPsf] xf] elGg5 . t/ h] eg] klg a';n] r'gfjaf6 g/fd|f] xf/ vfPsf 5g\ . O/fs o'4s} sf/0f dtbftfx?af6 lt/:s[t x'g k'u]sf a';sfnflu casf @ jif{x? Tolt ;xh b]lvb}gg\ . /f]j6{ u]6\;nfO{ /IffdGqLdf lgo'lQm lbnfP klg u]6\;sf] gLltl;t a'; slQsf] ;xdt x'g]5g\ Tof] eljZon]g} atfpg] 5 . lsgsL u]6\;sf] gLlt /D; km]N8sf] eGbf l7s ljkl/t /x]sf] 5 . ^^ jif{sf /f]j6{ u]6\;n] @& jif{;Dd cd]l/sfsf] u'Ktr/ ljZn]ifs eP/ sfd u/]sf lyP . lgs} pbf/jfbL u]6\; oyfy{jfbL ;d]t ePsf] s'/f pgsf ljutn] b]vfPsf 5g\ . tTsfnLg /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a'; -xfn /fi6«kltsf afa'_ n] cfˆgf ;Nnfxfsf/df rog u/]sf u]6\;s} sf/0f pgn] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf lgSs} ;kmntf cfh]{sf lyP elgG5 . x]/f}+ ca u]6\n] 5f]/fnfO{ klg afa'nfO{ h:t} ;kmn kf5{g kfb}{gg\ k|ltIffs} ljifo 5 .

of}g Joj;foLsf] a}+s nf]slk|o

klZrda+ufn,ef/t÷sf]nsftf zx/df of}g sld{x?n] vf]n]sf] Pp6f a}+s clxn] cToGt w]/} nf]slk|o ag]sf] 5 eg] pQm a}+ssf cGo !@ j6f zfvfx? klZrd a+ufn /fHosf ljleGg zx/x?df vf]Ng] tof/L ;d]t ;f] a}+s ;+rfnsx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . pQm a}+ssf] !@cf}+ aflif{s pT;jsf] cj;/df a}+ssf cWoIf /]vf r6hL{n] ;f] s'/f atfPsL x'g\ . sf]nsftfdf ljut !@ jif{ cufl8 tTsfnsL rlr{t of}gsdL{ dlxnf /]vf r6hL{n] …piff ax'p2]Zo ;xof]u ;ldltÚ u7g u/]sL lyOg\ . pQm ;+:yf vf]Ng'sf sf/0f To; If]qsf of}g sdL{x?n] cfˆgf] sdfOsf] /sd a}+sdf art ug{ hfbf of}g sdL{ ePs} gftfn] w]/} x}/fgL / k|tf8g ;xg ug'{ k/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f klg /]vfn] ;f] cj;/df :ki6 kf/]sL lyOg\ . pgn] cfkm' :jo+n] Tof] x}/fgL ;xg' k/]kl5 of}g sdLx?n] To:tf] x}/fgLaf6 ;w} ;w}sf nflu d'lQm kfpg eGg] ;f]rfO /fv]/ ;f] a}+ssf] :yfkgf u/]sf] pgn] atfOg\ tTsfn hDDff !# hgf of}g sdL{x?sf kxnaf6 vf]lnPsf] ;f] ;+:yf clxn] nf]slk|otfsf] lzv/df k'u]/ a}+sdf dfq} kl/0ft ePsf] 5}g To;sf u|fxsx? klg cToflws?kn] a[l4 ePsf 5g\ . crfgs To;/L u|fxssf] ;+Vof j[l4 ePkl5 a}+sn] cfkm'nfO{ k"0f{?kaf6 sDKo"6/ k|0ffnLdf k|j]z ug]{ ;d]t /]vfn] atfPsL 5g\ . lgs6 eljZod} a}+ssf u|fxsx?sf] ;+Vof @)xhf/ g3fpg] nIo /x]sf] s'/f klg hfsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . ;f] a}+sn] clxn] of}gsdL{x?sf] sdfOsf] /sd ;'/lIft ul/lbg] dfq}x}g of}gsdL{ dlxnfx?n] olb cfˆgf] 3/ agfpg rfx]df To;sf nflu klg ;:tf] Jofhb/df C0f pknAw u/fpg] s'/f ;f] cj;/df a}+ssL cWoIf /]vf r6hL{n] hfgsf/L u/fPsL 5g\ .  

ljrf/÷dGyg

o:tf] 5 lxGb'/fi6«««« g]kfnsf] O{ltxf;

bL3{/fh k|;fO{

xfd|f] lxdjt\v08 ljZjsf] g} ;Eotfsf] pb\ud:yn dflgG5 . g]kfnsf] ;f/ule{t hLjGt :j?k klg o;sf] cfˆgf] df}lns ;+:s[lt / wfld{s k/Dk/f ePsfn] g} xf] . j}lbs ;gftg lxGb' wdf{jnDjLx?sf] kljq e"ld eg]s} oxL xf] / of] g} lxGb'x?sf] cflwsfl/s ynf] xf] . ef/tv08 pQ/fo0f] lxdfno t6] k"0oe"ld :j0f{ e"ldÚ eg]/ jlzi6 Clifn] of]ujlzi6 pklgifbsf] 5lQ;f}+ cWofodf pNn]v u/]/ lxdjt=v08sf] cl:tTjsf] af]w u/fPsf 5g\ eg] !%–@) ;o jif{b]lv dfq pbfPsf d'l:nd / lqmlZrog wd{x?n] xhf/f}+ jfi{fcufl8b]lv s}of}+ Clif dxlif{x?sf] 7"nf] ;fwgf / tk:of u/]/ cjnDjg ul/Psf 1fglj1fg, wd{ / ;+:s[ltdfly r'gf}lt lbg ;'xfpFb}g . jf:tjdf lqmlZrogx?n] g]kfn h:tf] lxGb' / a'4sf] k'0oe"lddf xfdL ;a}nfO{ j]as'km agfP/ k};fsf] nfnrf b]vfpg] g]kfnLx?sf] aLr :yfklt eO;s]sf] dfGotfx?dfly k|xf/ u/fpg] k|lt O+6sf] hjfkmdf kTy/ k|of]u ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . cfhef]ln bofsf] gfddf lqmlZrogx? 5f8f eP/ g]kfnsf x/ b'u{d e]udf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g} prfn]/, u/Lax?nfO{ cg]sf}+ k|nf]eg b]vfP/ lxGb' ;gftg wd{sf] lj/f]wdf 3[0ff ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;n] x/ r]tgzLn g]kfnLx?sf] /ut plDn/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnLx?dWo] sltko a|fXd0f, If]qL, nfdf, tfdfª, du/, u'?Ë, sfdL, bdfO{, ;fsL{, lnDj", /fO{ cfbLnfO{ sf]vfO sf]vfO{ eg]/ efjgfTds ljif l3rfP/ g]kfnleq cfqmd0f ul/x]sf] s'/f 3fd hlQs} 5n{Ë eO;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] wd{ ;+:s[lt leq s'g} cK7\of/f / ?9Lu|:t s'/f klg 5g\ . To;df xfdL lxGb' / a'4 wdf{jnDjLx? a;]/ cfkm}+n] ;'NemfP/ ;xdltsf] jf6f]df k'Ug ;lsG5 . t/, hfgL hfgL k/fOnfO{ of] If]qsf] cl:dtf n'6\g lbg'x'Gg . t;y{, logLx?nfO{ xfdLn] kTo'Q/ lbg] 7Ls ;do oxL xf] . lxGb' ;+:sf/leq knfPsf] 5'jf5't k|0ffnL lxGb' wd{ leqsf] 7"nf] /f]usf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] x'Fbf o:tf] v/fa cdfgjLo ;+:sf/nfO{ s8f lgod agfP/ ufpF ufpFdf uP/ ;j{k|yd ;DemfO{a'emfO{ ug]{ / bf];|f] r/0fdf sf/jfxL g} ug{ ;Sg] /fHon] g} Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . lxGb' wd{leq o:tf v/fa ;+:sf/sf] cf8df s]xL hghfltsf g]tf x'F eGg] lqmlZrog xfjfdf lx+8]sf s]xL JolQm / s]xL jfdkGyL g]tf / dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf s]xL g]tfx? lxGb' /fi6«sf] cl:tTjdf v]njf8 ub}{ b]zsf] OHht 36fO/x]sf 5g\ . To:tf g]tfx? ;a}h;f] lxGb' ;+:sf/df x's]{sf cfdfafa'sf lxGb' 5f]/fx? eP/ klg cfh ltgLx? g} /fi6«sf] x'd{t\ lnO/x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx?dWo] s;}nfO{ …lxGb' /fi6«Ú x'Fbf s;nfO{ / s'g wd{nfO{ lyrf]ldrf] u/]sf] 5 eg]/ k|Zg u¥of] eg] ltgLx?n] hjfkm lbg ;St}gg\ . lsgls pgLx?sf] lgot lxGb' wd{n] c? wd{x?nfO{ s'g} cK7\of/f] gkf/] tfklg lxGb' /fi6«sf] lj/f]w u/]/ wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] s'/f lems]/ /fi6«n] :jtM k|fKt u/]sf] cflwsfl/s df}lns k|lti7fnfO{ w/fzfoL agfpg vf]h]sf] dfq xf] . o:tf k|fof]lht JolQmx? g} g]kfnsf] ;jf{ef}ldstf / /fli6«otfsf zq' x'g\ . af]Ng kfOG5 eGb} h] kfof] ToxL af]n]/ ljb]zLx?nfO{ v'zL kf/]/ cfˆgf] sfd k6\ofpg]x? xfd|f clezfkx? x'g\ . t/, To:tf lxGb' /fi6« lj/f]wL g]kfnL hf] xf];\ d'vn] p;n] hlt lxGb' wd{sf] lj/fw u/] tfklg To:tfx?n] g} lxGb' ;+:sf/ 5f]8\g ;s]sf x'Ggg\ . o:tf] xfF:of:kb 5 oxfFsf wd{ lj/f]wLx?sf] s'/f . jf:tjdf lxGb' clw/fHoleq Ps xhf/eGbf a9L k/Dk/f wfld{s ;+:sf/ / dfGotfx? 5g\ . tL ;a} lxGb' /fi6«sf ;DklQ x'g\. wd{lg/k]Iftf ;DjGwdf xfn} Pd=s] >]i7n] n]vg'ePsf] 5_ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] zflGtjftf{df wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] k|:tfj;lxtsf] @$ a'+b] k|:tfj /fv]sf] nuQ} g]skf Pdfn]_ n] #% a'Fb] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] k|:tfjdf klg …wd{lg/k]IftfÚ ;dfj]z u/L kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . wd{sf] cy{ ga'lemsg /flvPsf] wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] k|:tfjn] eljiodf cfpg] gofF ;+zf]lwt ;+ljwfgdf :yfg kfPdf g]kfnn] rfF8} g} csf]{ u[xo'4sf] emd]nfdf kmF;]/ aL;f}++ jif{ cNdlng ;Sg] lglZrt 5 . clk|msL dxf/fi6«leqsf] ;'8fgdf wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] sf/0f ePsf wd{ kl/jt{g ck/fwsf] @) jif{ nfdf] u'[xo'4df kmFl;;s]sf] 5 hxfF O;fO{ ag]sfx?n] O;fO{ gaGg] :yfgLo @) nfv hgtfsf] xTof u/]sf 5g\ eg] To; ^ dlxgfsf] !((* u[xo'4df dq *) xhf/sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 , # nfv %) xhf/ z/0ffyL{ aGg'k/]sf] 5 . ca cfP/ hgdt;+u|x x'Fb}5 -@)%% d+l;/ @& cfOtaf/ sflGtk'/_ wd{lg/k]Iftfs} cf8df ef/tdf klg O;fO{ ag]sf gfuf hfltn] 5fkfdf/ o'4 %^ jif{cl3b]lv ;~rfng ub}{ 5'§} O;fO{ /fHo :yfkgf ug{ k|oTg ubf{ c;kmn ePkl5 clxn] zflGtjftf{tkm{ nfUb}5g\ . 5'§} O;fO{ /fHo :yfkgf ug{ nfu]sf] ;'8fgsf] 36gf / ef/tsf] gfufNof08, ldhf]/d,dl0fk'/, d]3fno, lqk'/f, c?0ffrn, k|b]zdf O;fO{ k|efljt k|zf;gn] u/]sf] cTofrf/df @% xhf/ af}4 j}lbsx?sf] xTof ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] klg …wd{lg/k]IfÚ gLlt ckgfP eljiodf x'g] u[xo'4df vaf}{ d"Nosf] cfly{s g]fS;fgL / ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, ;fdflhs ;b\efj, k/Dk/f /Lltl/jfh ;w}+sf nflu ljlng x'g]5 . wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf ;dfKt x'g]5.Ú -sflGtk'/ @)^)÷!÷@%_ cfof]b wf}Do– lgd{nn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5 –…j]baf6 k|f0f k|ltli7t ;gftg wd{ g} sfnfGt/df lxGb' wd{sf gfdn] lrlgg]5 eg]/ eljio k'/f0fdf xhf/f}+ jif{ k"j{ n]lvPsf] xf] . lxGb' wd{ g} j}lbs ;gftgwd{sf] gfd xf] . lxGb' wd{ ;DjGwdf eljio k'/f0fsf] ;u{ % ÷#^ df …xˆt lxGb'of{jtLrÚ lx+;fb]lv b"/ /xg]jfnf, ;b\wd{sf] k|ltkfbg ug]{ j]bdf atfPsf] wd{df c6n ljZjf; ug]{nfO{ g} lxGb' elgPsf] 5 . lrlgofF ofqL x'ofª ;fª\n] cfˆgf] ofqf j[tfGtdf …lxGb'Ú zAbsf] ?kfGt/ lrgL efiffdf …oGt'Ú eg]/ rGb|df h:tf] ;'Gb/ b]z x'gfn] lxGb' eg]sf] /x]5 egL k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ . k+= ;f]dgfy zdf{ l3ld/]n] n]Vg'ePsf] 5–…cgflbsfndf lxdfnob]lv dxf;fu/ ;Ddsf] b]znfO{ lxGb' gfdn] lrlgbf]/x]5 . To; ;dodf Aof; Clifn]– …d lxGb' b]zdf hlGdPsf] ;Rrf lxGb' xF'Ú eg]sf] s'/f O{/fg b]zsf] kf;L{ ;fDk|bfosf] u|Gy zftL/df pNn]v 5 . O;fk"j{ #)) cufl8 rGb| u'Kt df}o{sf] zf;gsfnsf] d]u:ygLh tyf kmflxofgn] cfˆgf ofqf j[tfGtdf n]v]sf 5g\– lxGb'x?sf] nfdf] Ho', nfdf] cfo', lg/f]uL, g;f gvfg], ;/n :jefj, k|ltefzfnL, em'7f] gaf]Ng], n]gb]gdf ;fIfL g/fVg], cfˆgf] 3/df tfNrf;Dd klg gnfpg], rf]/L eGg] sxL ;'g]gf}+Ú– eGg] s'/f k|frLg ef/t Oltxf; k[i7 !(% df pNn]v 5 . pkgLifbx?sf] ;f/ d]?tGqdf pNn]v 5 –…lxg~r b"ifoTo]g ; lxGb' ?Rot] a'e}M -lxgnfO{ b'lift ug]{nfO{ b08 lbg]sf] gfd lxGb' xf]_ eg]/ Clifx?n] atfPsf] s'/f pNn]v 5 . …Og;fOSnf]lkl8of ckm l/lnhG; P08 PlyS;Ú u|Gysf] k[i7 #*^ df …lxGb'Ú zAbsf] k|frLgtf atfpFb} n]v]sf] 5– OzfeGbf $*^ jif{ k'/fgf] bf/f x:tf:ksf] :df/ssf] lznfn]vdf …lxGb'Ú / lxGb'; b'j} ?kdf pNn]v 5 . of] 7fpF clxn] O/fgsf] k/;L kf]ln; gu/df kb{5 .

hfGg} kg{]{ s'/f

– /fhgLlt Pp6f h'jf xf], o:tf] h'jf c? s'g} x'Fb}g

– l8;'/fnL

– /fhgLlt1 Tof] hLj xf], h;n] ;+w} OZj/nfO{ wf]sf lbG5

–z]S;lko/

–b'Mv ;TonfO{ k|fKt ug]{ dfu{ xf]

–afFo/g

–b'Mv l;4fGtsf] s;L xf], h;sf] cefjdf dflg;n] O{dfgbf/L / a]OdfgLNfO{ sbfkL 5'6\ofpg ;Qm}g

–lkmlN8ª

– h;n] ldq agfpg ;Qm}g, To;n] hLjgdf afFRg] snf hfGb}g

– P;=lj/ldr]n

– ldq rf/ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .

-s_ hf] ;Fu /utsf] ;DaGw x'G5 .

-v_ hf] ;Fu ljjfxsf] ;DaGw x'G5 .

-u_ hf] j+zfut ldq 5g\ .

-3_ hf] cfkt\sf j]nf sfd cfP/ ldq aG5g\ .

– lxtf]kb]z

– ldqnfO{ e]6\bf cfbf/ u/, lk7 k5fl8 p;sf] k|z+;f u/, tyf cfjZostf k/]sf] j]nf p;nfO{ ;xfotf u/ .

– cf/:t'

– o;nfO{ ;fFrf] dfg– k]6, cfnZo, ef]u ljnf; / qmf]w dfly ljho k|fKt ug{ l;s .

– ;+tlky uf]/;

– ;sn hut\sf lgoGt -k|]/s_, ;'Id eGbf klg ;'Id, ;'j0f{ h:tf] sflGt ePsf, :jKg h:t}u/L a'l4n] dfq} hfGg ;lsg] tL k/dfTdfnfO{ h;/L klg hfGg' kb{5 .

– d'g:d[lt

–O{Zj/ Hof]ltsf klg Hof]lt Pj+ tTj1fgn] k|fKt x'g] / ;a}sf Åbodf l:yt 5g\

– eujfg >Ls[i0f -uLtf_

– ;d:t k|f0fLnfO{ bof ug'{ g} O{Zj/nfO{ lrGg' xf]

–dxfTdf uf+wL

g]kfnsf] l;dfgf M

al'4gf/fo0f >]i7

lxhf]cfh lgdf{0f ul/+b} u/]sf] ;Ldf:tDe (B.P.) sf] prfO{ hldgdfly @ ld6/ / hldgd'lg ! ld6/, km]bdf !÷! ld6/ / 6'Kkf]df rf/kf6] )=%×)=% ld6/ eO{ l;d]G6, kmnfd]808L,/f]8f,afn'jfn]cf/l;l;sf] hu!=%×!=%×% ld6/sf] huxfnL df]g'd]G6 9nfg ulPsf]kfOG5.o;nfO{ d'Vo;Ldf:tDe(MainBoundary Pillar)sf]?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu eb|k'/ d]rLgbL k"j{, ef/tsf] unulnof hfg] ;8s pQ/sf] h+u]:tDe P.P.-(1) b]lv pQ/ gofF k|sf/sf] :tDe g++ !@) v8f ul/Psf] 5 .o:t} lj/f6gu/sf] /fgL cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ;flas h+u] :tDe lau|L To;sf] :yfgdf plNnlvt k|sf/sf] :tDe agfOPsf] kfOG5 . Subsidiary Pillar nfO{ ;xfos :tDesf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . o:tf :tDex? ;fdfGotofM b'O{ k'/fgf d'Vo :tDex?sf aLrdf ;Ldf/]vf 3'dfp/f] ePsf] 7fpFdf ufl8Psf] / tTsfnLg la|l6; ;e]{o/x?n] nfdf] b'/Ldf agfOPsf d"n :tDex?sf aL–aLrdf yku/L agfOPsf] kfOG5 . o;n] l;dfgfsf] Line of Sight nfO{ :ki6 ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . o:tf :tDex?sf] hdlgdfly b]lvg] efu %) ;]lG6ld6/ / d'gL %) ;]=ld= ufl8g] tyf o;sf] km]b @%×@% ;]=ld= / 6'Kkf] !%×!% ;]=ld /xL rf/kf6] cfsf/sf] x'G5 . o:tf :tDex? eb|k'/sf] h+u]n¶f eGbf klZrdlt/ ljBfnosf] k|fË0f;Dd k'Ug] u/L !)!÷! b]lv !)!÷!# gDa/sf :tDex? @)%@ ;fndf ufl8Psf 5g\ . logLx? klxNo} 9nfg ul/Psf -lk|sfi6_ :tDex? x'g\ . Reference Pillar ;f+s]lts :tDesf] ?kdf d'Vo ;Ldf:tDesf] bfofF– afofF ufl8g] k|rng /x]sf] 5 . h:tf], sfFs8le§f d]rLk'nsf] pQ/tkm{ /x]sf] d"n ;LdfvDaf la=lk $% sf] cf/=lk $%–P g]kfn tkm{ / cf/=lk$%–la ef/ttkm{ ufl8Psf] kfOG5 . l/km/]G; :tDex? :jefljs}n] d"n :tDeeGbf ;fgf] x'g] ePsf]n] ;fdfGotofM !Ú×!Ú sf] rf/kf6f eO{ hldgeGbf @ cyjf # lkm6 ;Dd cUnf] x'G5 . h:tf] cf/=lk= $%–la tyf $^–ePsf] prfO{ qmdzM $ lkm6 tyf # lkm6 5 eg] cf/=lk= !!(–la rflxF @ lkm6dfq cUnf] 5 . oL ;a} cf/=lk=x?sf] 6fpsf] uf]nfsf/sf] /x]sf] 5 / o:tf l/km/]G; lkn/x? k"j{ 9nfg ul/Psf x'G5g\ . Ston Prism klg d"n ;Ldf:tesf] ;+s]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 tfklg sltko b'O{ d"n ;Ldf:tDex? aLrsf] ;Ldf/]vf l;wf x'g'sf] abnf s]xL aflËPsf] v08df klg ufl8Psf] kfOG5 . h:tf] sdnf gbLIf]qdf /x]sf] PP-38 tyf PP-39 sf aLrdf SP-15 n] clnslt 3'd]sf] l;dfgfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5 . 9+'ufsf] vDaf cS;/ gbLn] wSsf k'¥ofpg] efudf ufl8Psf] e]§fOG5 / o;sf] prfO{ tyf df]6fO{ km/s–km/s /x]sf] 5 . Wodden–Boundary Post klg d'Vo ;Ldf:tDesf] ;f+s]lts lrgf]sf] ?kdf lxhf]cfh c:yfoL tl/sfn] :yfkgf ug]{ rng 5 . t/ ;g\ !**@–*# sf] la|l6z ;e]{If0fsf] bf}/fgdf b'O{ d'Vo :tDex?sf aLrdf ;Ldf/]vf 3'dfp/f] tyf c:ki6 /x]sf] efudf WP v8f ug]{ k|rng ePsf] kfOG5 . h:tf] af/f lhNnfsf] l;d|f}gu9sf] P]ltxfl;s eUgfjz]if If]qsf] lklk–!& tyf !* g+= h+u]:tDex?sf aLrdf WP-3 b]lv @% ;Dd ufl8Psf] b]lvG5 . o:tf sf7sf vDafx?sf] klg prfO{ / uf]nfO{ km/s b]lvP tfklg hldgdfly # b]lv % lkm6;Dd ePsf] a'lemG5 . Intermediate Pillar b'O{ d'Vo :tDex? tyf b'O{ l/km/]G; :tDex?sf aLr vf;u/L h+unleq ;Ldf/]vf bf}l8Psf] ;]S6/df pkof]u ul/G5 . h+unsf ?v lj?jfx?sf] xfFuf sf6L ;Ldf/]vf ;kmf ug{ ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] x]t'n] o:tf dWo:y :tDex? ufl8g] rng 5 . h:tf] df]xgf gbL glhssf] h+un If]qsf] :tDe g+= !@( b]lv !$( leqsf] cf/=lk !^ tyf !& sf aLrdf cfo=lk !$#–!$% / o;sf pklaGb'x? ABCD sf u0fgfdf :yflkt ul/Psf 5g\ . ljleGg uf]nfO{sf ?vsf xfFufx? sf6L o:tf dWo:y laGb'sf ?kdf sf7sf d'8\sfx? ufl8Psf] a'lemG5 . ;g\ !**@–*# sf] ;Ldf ;e]{If0fsf] bf}/fgdf cS;/ gbLsf] lsgf/df h+u]:tDe agfpg To;tfsf ;Dej lyPg . o;}n] To:tf laGb'df Iron Post 3';fO{ hldgdfly %÷& lkm6 v8f ul/Psf] a'lemG5 . o:tf kmnfdsf vDafx?n] klg d'Vo ;LdfljGb's} sfd u/]sf] kfOG5 . pkdfsf] lgldQ dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] dl6xfgL k"j{sf] wf;f gbL lsgf/sf] ;LdfljGb' g+= $% tyf %% df Iron Post ufl8Psf] b]lvG5 . oL kmnfd] vDafsf laGb'x?sf] gfua]nL k/]sf] gbLnfO{ l;wf ;Ldf/]vfdf sf6L gbLsf] b'a} lsgf/sf] efusf] s]xL 6'qmf g]kfntkm{ / afFsL 6'qmf ef/ttkm{ laefhg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . d]rL gbL sgf/df d'Vo ;LdfljGb'sf] l/km/]G; laGb'sf ?kdf Iron Post -/]nsf lnusf] 6'qmf_ ufl8Psf] klg kfOG5 . h:tf] eb|k'/ k"j{sf] h+u]:tDe eGbf k"a{ ufl8Psf] /]nsf] lnusf] kmnfd l/km/]G; laGb'sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o:t} sfFs8le§f pQ/sf] Reference Pillar 45-A df kSsf hu xfnL To;dfly /]nsf] lnu cfsf/sf] kmnfd w;fOPsf] 5 . d'Vo ;Ldf:tDe gfl;Pdf, vf]nfn] aufPdf, klx/f]n] nu]df To;nfO{ k'gM :yfkgf ug{ ;lhnf] xf];\ cyjf v8f cj:yfdf klg o;nfO{ klxrfg ug{ ;'ud xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] k|To]s d'Vo ;Ldf:tDesf] sd;]sd b'O{lt/ l/km/]G; lkn/ :yfkgf ul/Psf] x'G5 . hldgsf] cj:yf x]/L s'g} 7fpFdf t #÷$ j6f l/km/]G; lkn/ lbg] rng klg 5 . d'Vo :tDesf] bfFhf]df l/km/]G; :tDe ;fgf] x'G5 o:tf ;f+s]lts :tDex? d'Vo :tDeb]lv s'g a]ol/Ë, lbzf / slt b'/Ldf /x]sf] 5 eGg] clen]v /flvPsf] x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] clen]våf/f d'Vo :tDesf] cjl:ylt l56f] kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . ;du|?kdf eGg'kbf{ k|To]s d'Vo ;Ldf:tDesf] l/km/]G; :tDex? x'G5g\ . o:t} s'g} 7fpFdf l/km/]G; lkn/ b]lvPdf To;sf] 5]p5fpdf d'Vo afp08/L lkn/ ePs} x'g'k5{ . st} s'g} c;fdfGo cj:yfdf d"n ;Ldf:tDesf] l/km/]G; lkn/ gx'g klg ;Snfg\ t/ st} l/km/]G; lkn/ e]l6of] eg] To;sf] d"n afp08/L lkn/ t cjZo x'g}k5{ . h:tf], s'g} 5f]/f cyjf 5f]/fx? 5g\ eg] ltgsf afa' t cjZod]j x'G5 g} . t/ Pp6f afa'sf] 5f]/f ghDd]sf] klg x'g;S5 . o;}n] d"n afp08/L lkn/ / l/km/]G; lkn/sf] ;DaGw afa' / 5f]/fsf] cgGofl>t ;DaGw h:t} /x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfn–rLg l;dfgfdf klg laleGg k|sf/sf :tDex? :yfkgf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . h:tf], Boundary Pillar (BP), Subsidiary Pillar(SP) tyf Reference Pillar (A Boundary Markers) cfjZostfcg';f/ v8f ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . pRr lxdfnosf] r'nLdf g} d"n ;Ldf:tDe v8f ug{ g;lsg] ePsf]n] / st} v8f ul/P tfklg lxpFn] 5f]Kg]–aufpg] ePsf]n] To:tf] d"n vDafsf] kfos kg]{ lbzftkm{ afp08/L dfs{/x? :yfkgf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf] lgldQ lsdfyf+sf If]qdf kg]{ BP-70 sf] abnf d"n ljGb'b]lv !&) ld6/ pQ/–klZrdtkm{ rLgsf] le/fnf] kxf8df Boundary Marker 70 (1) :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 eg] 70 (2) g]kfntkm{ kfl/Psf] 5 . o:t} tftf]kfgL–vf;f glhssf] k'/fgf] ldt]/L ;fF3'df :yflkt BP-70 / k'nsf] b'O{lt/ /x]sf] b'O{j6f Boundary Markers 53(1) tyf %#-@_ sf :tDex? 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;z:q k|x/L jnsf] 5}6f}+ :yfkgf lbj; Ps eJo sfo{qmdsf jLr ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;z:q k|x/L d'Vofno xnrf]s nufot d'n'ssf ljleGg lhNnfx?df ;DkGg ;z:q k|x/L 5}6f}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf pknIodf ePsf k|ultsf jf/]df Ps ;+lIfKt ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df ;z:q k|x/L d'Vofno xnrf]sdf Ps ljz]if sfo{qmd ul/ ;z:q k|x/L ansf] :yfkgfsf] 5}6f}+ jif{ufF7 eJotfsf;fy ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df ;f]lx lbg ;fFem ;DkGg ljz]if sfo{qmddf ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?sf] ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;z:q k|x/L lbj;sf] pknIodf cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmdsf j]nf crfgs jlif{Psf] jiff{n] klg s;}nfO{ s]xL c;/ ug{ ;s]g lsgls sfo{qmdg} Tolt /dfOnf] lyof] . ;f] ljif]z ;df/f]xsf k|d'v cltly u[xdGqL s[i0f k|;fb l;6f}nfnfO{ ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs af;'b]j cf]nLn] ;z:q k|x/L lbj; ljz]iff+s k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df u[xdGqL l;6f}nfn] jif{ el/sf pTs[i6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug]{ ;f] jnsf sflnsfu0f dfn]kf6g kf]v/fsf u0fklt k|x/L pk/LIfs jfns'df/ >]i7nfO{ u0fklt /lgË cjf8{ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . l;6f}nfn] To;j]nf st{Jokfnsf] qmddf jL/ult k|fKt u/]/ zxLb ag]sf cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx? k|lt >4f~hnL ck{0f ub]{ cfufld lbgdf ;z:q k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ cem pTs[i6 lsl;dn] k"/f ug]{ ljZjf; JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs jf;'b]j cf]nLn] nf]stflGqs g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lbIff / lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfo{ ug]{df ;z:q k|x/L jn b[9 /xg] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ljz]if ;df/f]xdf kfFr} ljsf; If]qsf] k|lglwTj x'g] ul/ ;z:q k|x/L jnsf] ;Ddfg sjfhåf/f OHht ck{0f sjfh k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ;z:q k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?af6 nf7L Jofofd tyf ;fd'lxs snfTds Jofofd Pj+ ;z:q k|x/L jnsf] a}08 åf/f PsLs[t a}08 l8:Kn]sf ;fy} ljleGg ;f+uLlts w'gx? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] ;z:q k|x/L jn k|wfg sfo{nodf ;f]xL lbg ljxfg cfof]hLt >4f~hln ;df/f]xdf ;z:q k|x/L dfxflg/LIfs af;'b]j cf]nLn] /fi6« ;]jfdf ;dlk{t /xFbf st{Josf] jnL a]bLdf k|f0ff]T;u{ ug]{ cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] :d[ltdf l/t r8fO{ efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;} u/L ;z:q k|x/L kl/jf/ dlxnf ;+3sL cWoIf >dtL zflGt jnL tyf ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? nufot s[i0fdf]xg–g'8'k :d[lt k|lti7fgsf kbflwsf/Lx?, ;z:q k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs /f]lxt yfkf, gfoj dxflg/LIfsx? lblnks'df/ >]i7, Zofds'df/ sdf{rfo{ / lszf]/ s'df/ nfdf Pj+ ;z:q k|x/L jnsf clws[t hjfgx?n] k'ik u'R5f ck{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;df/f]xdf, st{Jokfngsf qmddf jL/ult k|fKt ug'{ePsf #)% hgf cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] lbj+ut cfTdsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ >4f~hnL ;nfdL ck{0f tyf df}gwf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf >4fk"jf{s cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] gfdf]Rrf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] ;df/f]xdf ;z:q k|x/L lbj; )^#sf] k'lgt cj;/df k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|= sf]O{/fnfaf6 ;z:q k|x/Ljnsf clws[t hjfgx?nfO{ lbg'ePsf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z ;z:q k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs /f]lxt yfkfn] jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs jf;'b]j cf]nLn] ;df/f]xdf ljqmd ;+Djt )^@ ;fnsf] k|j]lzsf kl/Iffdf plt{0f x'g ;z:q k|x/Lsd{rf/Lsf ;GttLx? dWo] ;jf]{Ts[i6 c+s Nofpg] # hgfnfO{ hgxL bz÷bz xhf/ gub k'/:sf/ tyf k|;+zf kq, ;z:q k|x/L jfnåf/f lgdf{0f x'g] …;dk{0f /fi6«sf nfluÚ kflIfs >Job[io sfo{qmddf nfdf] ;dob]lv pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofpb} cfpg'ePsf snfsf/x?NffO{ k|;+zfkq / gub k'/:sf/ tyf xfn} ;DkGg clw/fHo Joflk dlxnf gscfpg km'6jn k|ltof]lutfdf klxnf] k6s ;xeflu eO{ ljhoL x'g] ;z:q k|x/L jnfs]f dlxnf km'6jn l6dsf v]nf8Lx?nfO{ ;d]t gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs jf;'b]j cf]nLn] ;f]xL ;df/f]xdf ;z:q k|x/L jnsf ;sn bhf{sf /fi6«;]jsx?nfO{ z'esfdgf ;Gb]z lbg' ePsf] lyof] . z'esfdgf ;Gb]zdf ;z:q k|x/L dfxflg/LIfs cf]nLn] sl7g / r'gf}tL k"0f{ 3l8df /fi6« / gful/sx?sf] ;]jf / ;'/Iffdf cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] Tofu / jlnbfgsf] :d/0f ug'{x'b} pxfFx?sf] To; Tofun] ;+u7g clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfO{k'u]sf] rrf{ ug'{eof] . cf]nLsf] syg lyof] –…Tof] Tofu xfd|f] nflu k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t xf] . Ú pxfFn] nf]stflGqs g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgb]{zg / hgrfxgf cg'?k ;+u7gn] sfo{If]qdf sl6a4 /lx l;i6 Jojxf/ / pTs[i6 g}lts cfrf/0faf6 Joj;flos s';ntfsf ;fy sfo{ ul/ gful/ssf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t /lx cem} ;]jf d'lv / kl/0ffdd'lv sfo{ ug'{kg]{ / o;af6 dfq gful/ssf] dg lhTg ;lsg] tyf cd/ k|x/Lx? k|lt ;Rrf >bf~hln x'g] atfpg] eof] . ;f] lbj;s} cj;/df ;f]lx lbg ;z:q k|x/Ljn a+unfd'lv ljz]if sfo{bn u0fsf] kl/;/df /x]sf] a+unfd'lv eujtL dlGb/ If]qdf j[Iff /f]k0f ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} jLr b]zsf ljleGg efudf /x]sf ;z:q k|x/L jnsf OsfOx?df klg …5}6f}+ ;z:q k|x/L lbj; )^#Ú ljz]if sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfOPsf 5g\ . ;z:q k|x/L lbj;sf] k'lgt cj;/df klZrd If]qLo ;z:q k|x/L jn d'Vofno d'lQmgfy jflxgL kf]v/df cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf kl/jf/hg nufot ljlzi6 cltly dxfg'efjx?sf] pkl:yltdf sflt{s # ut] ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] ;Demgfdf Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f kl5 cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] tl:j/df km'ndfnf r9fO{ >4f~hln ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;f] ;df/f]xdf ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs jf;'b]j cf]nLn] k7fpg'ePsf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z k9]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] . o;} ul/ ;z:q k|x/L jn d'Vofno dfx]Zj/L jflxg ;'v]{t / ;z:q k|x/L jn /QmsfnL u0f ;'v]{tsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;f] u0fdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljz]if ;df/f]xdf cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] tl:j/df dfNofk{0f tyf Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f kl5 ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfssf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z jfrg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf cfkmGtx?nfO{ sb/ kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . k|x/L lbjs} cj;/df ToxfF klg cfof]lht v]ns'b k|ltof]lutsf ljhoL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} ;z:q k|x/L jn o'lQm tflnd dxfljBfno jb{3f6 gjnk/f;Ldf cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xdf cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] tl:j/df dfNofk{0f, jL/utL k|fKt ug]{ cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] gfdf]Rrf/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfssf] ;Gb]z jfrg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} ul/ ;z:q k|x/L jn jfu]Zj/L u0f zdz]/ u~hn] ljz]if ;df/f]xsf] cfof]hgf ug'{sf ;fy} %! hgf ;z:q k|x/L sd{rf/L åf/f /Qmbfg tyf ljleGg dgf]/~hgfTds sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL cj;/df ;z:q k|x/L jn j];Sofd n'Snfn] :yfgLo hgtf, j'l4hLlj, Jofkfl/ tyf lzIfs ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ljz]if ;df/f]xsf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] ;Demgfdf Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ul/ z'?ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs jf;'b]j cf]nLn] k7fpg' ePsf] z'esfgf ;Gb]z k9]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] . To; cj;/df ljleGg v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . jif{ el/sf pTs[i6 sfo{ug]{ # hgfnfO{ ;z:q k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs r]tl;+x yfkfn] gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L jn bGtsfnL u0f j/dflemof ;Ktl/, lqk'/f u0f sf]xnk'/, HjfnfdfO{ u0f /fKtL, sfnLGrf]s eujtLu0f sLlt{k'/ nufotsf ;z:q k|x/L jnsf OsfOx?df ljz]if ;df/f]xsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP .

dxflg/LIfs cf]nLsf] ;Gb]z

;z:q k|x/L jndf ;]jf/t ;d:t clws[t, ljNnfbf/ tyf hjfgx?, b]zdf zflGt Joj:yf agfO gful/ssf] hLp, wg, :jtGqtf / dfgjLo d"Nosf] /Iff ug]{ sfo{sf nflu k|ltj4 ;z:q k|x/L jnsf] 5}6f}+ lbjzsf] ;'–cj;/df ;+u7gsf ;d:t /fi6«;]jsx? tyf kl/jf/hgnfO{ ;z:q k|x/L jn k|d'vssf] x}l;otn] xflb{s awfO{ lbb} tkfOx? ;Dk"0f{sf] z'v, ;d[l4 Pj+ k]zfut k|ultsf] sfdgf ub{5' . k|To]s jif{ k|x/L lbjzsf] ?kdf dgfOg] k/Dk/f /xLcfPsf] sflt{s ;ft ut]sf] P]ltxfl;s / kfjg lbg g]kfn /fi6« tyf g]kfnL gful/ssf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t ;z:q k|x/L jnsf ;xfbQ k|fKt cd/ /fi6«;]jsx? k|lt ;Ddfg / efj k"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ug]{ uf}/jk"0f{ If0f klg xf] . /fHon] ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L OdfGbfl/tf k"j{s k"/f ug]{ sfo{df ;dlk{t /xFbf ;xfbt k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ cd/ ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ zf]sljXjn kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5' . o;} qmddf 3fOt] tyf c+ue+u eO{ c;Qm x'g'ePsf / :jf:Yof]krf/df /xg' ePsf ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«;]jsx?sf] lz3| :jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf ub{5' . g]kfn /fHosf] kl/jlt{t Pj+ nf]stflGqs kl/j]zdf ;/sf/sf] lgb]{zg cg'?k ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL gful/ssf] zflGt k|ltsf] cufw cf:yfnfO{ pRr ;Ddf g ub}{ ;dfhdf cdg rog / ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg ;z:q k|x/L jn ;b}j k|ltj4 /xg] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ gful/ssf] dgdl:t:sdf zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] k|jn cg'e"lt u/fpFb} d'n'snfO{ lb3{sflng k|ultsf] af6f]df cu|;/ u/fpg] sfo{qnfO{ ;z:q k|x/L jnn] cfˆgf] bfloTjsf] ?kdf cfTd;fy ub}{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;b}j sl6j4 /x]sf] s'/f ;d]t ;x;{ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . ;z:q k|x/L jnsf ;Dk"0f{ txsf /fi6«;]jsx? / ltgsf cfl>t kl/jf/hg ;d]tsf] lxt Pj+ sNof0fsf nflu ;+u7gn] ljleGg sNof0fsf/L sfo{x? ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} k|;+udf ;z:q k|x/L jndf c:ktfn, ljBfno ;+rfng, ljleGg ;Lkd"ns tflndx?sf] ;+rfng Pj+ ;/n ls:tfjGbL nufotsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rflnt 5g\ . ;z:q k|x/L jnn] cfˆgf] :yfkgf sfnb]lvg} ef}lts k"jf{wf/, hgzlQ, tflnd, xftxlt/of/ nufot ljifox?sf] Go"gtfsf jfjh'b klg pknAw ;fwg ;|f]tsf] pRrtd ;b'kof]u ub}{ /fHon] lglb{i6 u/]sf lhDd]jf/Lx? ;kmntf k"j{s jxg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . b]z leq pTkGg x'g] p5[+vn ultljlw lgoGq0f, ;dfhsf ckf/flws s[ofsnfksf] /f]syfd, ljleGg JolQm, dxTjk"0f{ k|lt:7g, ljdfg:yn, sf/fuf/ , ljsf; ;+/rgf cflbsf] ;'/Iff, b}jL k|sf]k, påf/, eG;f/ Pj+ /fhZj ul:t nufotsf sfo{df ;lqmo ?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ljleGg sfnv08df l;lh{t b]zsf] /fHo Joj:yf cGt{ut :yfkgf ePsf ;'/Iff lgsfox? dWo] )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hg cfGbf]ng kZrft\sf] jx'bnLo zf;g Joj:yf cGt{ut )%& ;fndf /fHon] cfjZos 7fg]/ :yfkgf u/]sf] ;z:q k|x/L jn ljleGg r'gf}tL x?nfO{ kf/ ub}{ clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfO{k'Ubf Pp6f kl/kSj / lhDd]jf/ ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] :yfkgfsf] kfFrf} jif{ k"/f ul/;Sbf cfd gful/s dfem cfˆgf] ;sf/fTds klxrfxg jgfpg ;kmn o; jnn] cg]sf} l;ldttfsf jfh'b klg p2]Zod"ns gLltsf ;fy Jojxfl/s ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . ;z:q k|x/L jn xfnsf] cj:yf ;Dd cfOk'Ug] qmddf ;Dkffbg u/]sf sfo{x? k|lt d'n's jf;Ln] bzf{Psf] ;b\efj Pj+ ;xof]usf] ;x|fgf ub}{ ;+u7gnfO{ ;b}j ;xof]u, ;b\efj Pj+ ;xfg'e"lt /fVg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?, ;+3;+:yf / ;DalGwt ;j} k|lt ;+u7g k|d'vsf] x}l;otn] o;} ;'cj;/df xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5'

lul/hf / k|r08=======

clxn] tYo a+Uofpg] sfd e}/x]sf] 5, ck/flws u7aGwg al9/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|; / dfcf]jfbLn] ckljq u7aGwg agfP/ if8\oGqk"0f{ ?kaf6 /fHonfO{ ;]/]df]lgon agfP/ /fVg] b'ik|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ .Ú eGb} s8f cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg ;efkl5sf] klxnf] a}7s af6 /fhtGqsf] km};nf ug]{ eg]/ cfd g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ j]js'km agfOg nfu]sf] xf] eGb} dxf;lrj g]kfnn] ;+ljwfg;ef kl5 /fhfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfP/ /fVg] / d'n'sdf km]l/ >L # Nofpg] if8\oGq e}/x]sf] /x:of]b\3fg6g u/] . pgn] d'n'sdf clxn] klg ;fdGtLjfbL k|j[lQ g/f]lsPsf] l6Kk0fL ub}{ eg] clxn] gj;fdGtLx?n] cfˆgf] x}sd rnfpg z'? u/]sf] 5 . otf ca ufpF ufpaf6 Pdfn]sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLn] leq leq Jofks sfo{qmd rnfPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL qmdzM d'n'se/L xfjL aGb} ePkl5 Pdfn]sf clwsf+z sfo{stf{x? wdf wd dfcf]jfbL k|lt cfslif{tx? ag]/ ToxL kf6L{ tkm{ knfog e}/x]sf] b]v]/ Pdfn] g]t[Tj k+lQm dfcf]jffbL lj2 cfqmfds ?k b]vfP/ hfOnfUg yfn]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] h/f] d"nf] g} pvfNg] cleofg yfNg nfu]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]jfM d'lQm df]rf{sf cWoIf kjgdfg >]i7 -k|efls/0f_n] cfOtjf/sf] Ps ;fKtflxs klqsf dfkm{t cfkm"x?n] Pdfn]sf] ;+u7gnfO{ ;dfKt agfpg] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/df eg]sf 5g\ – casf] v'Nnf k|ltikwf{df Pdfn] ;Fu} xfd|f] 7Ss/ x'g] ePsf]n] xf]nf pgLx? dfcf]jfbL lj?2 vlgPsf x'g\ eGb} cfˆgf sfo{stf{ dfcf]jfbL k|lt cfqmf]l;t ePsf] xf] . pgn] cufl8 eg]–sf+u|];sf dflg; dfcf]jfbLdf cfpg] eGb klg Pdfn] nufotsf sDo'lgi6x? dfcf]jfbLdf cfpg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . cfˆgf] ktgf]Gd'v cj:yf b]v]/ p-Pdfn]_ cflQb}–xfdLnfO{ zq' 7fg]sf] 5 . /fi6«nfO{ cu|udgdf nfg] dfcf]jfbLsf] 5jL b]v]/ Pdfn] cft+lst ePsf] xf] . ;xdltk5sf] gsf/fTds k|ltlqmof b/afl/of tTjaf6 cfp5 eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] . u|of08 l8hfOg cGt/ut g} Pdfn] dfcf]jfbL lj?2 vlgPsf] xf] o;df z+s} 5}g . Ps csf]{ k|Zg–sf] hjfkmdf k|efls/0f eG5g\M– lhNnf–lhNnfdf o;/L g} Pdfn]–dfcf]jfbL le8Gt e}/x]df Pdfn] ;vfk} x'G5 . lhNnf lhNnfaf6 kQf ;fkm x'G5 . xfdL pgLx?l;t hfF eGof] ToxL k|lt/f]w / k|lt:kwf{ ug{ tTk/ 5f}+ . pgn] @$ ut] /fhwfgLdf dfcf]jfbL lj?2 plqPsf] hg;d'xdf k5fl8 dfcf]jfbL k|efj b]Vg g;Sg]x?sf] if8\oGq/x]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ –@$ ut]sf] lj/f]wsf k5fl8 Pdfn]sf] xft 5 . vf;u/L Pdfn]sf] klg s]dL cf]nL / tflGqs sf+u|]; z]/axfb'/ b]pjf kIfsf dflg;x?sf] ;+nUgtf 5 . /3'kGtn] h'n';sf] g]t[Tj u/]5g\ . ;'zLn g]kfn, dfwj kf}8]nx? klg h'n'; prfn]/ cfPsf lyP . o; jfx]s ck/flws 36\gfx?df ;+nUg e};s]sf u'08fx?sf] klg ;+nUgtf lyof] . To:tf] u/]/ xfdLdfly Pdfn] g]t[Tj ;'lgof]lht ?kdf nfu]sf] 5 . kjgdfgsf] o; cf/f]kn] / ptf Pdfn] g]t[Tj k+lQmsf] dfcf]jfbL lj?2sf] uh{gn] b'O{ bnaLr cfjsf lbgdf eofgs …o'2Úsf] l:ylt lgDTofpg] kSsf kSsL b]lvPsf] 5 .

k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfsf] ;Gb]z

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