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    g]kfnL cvjf/x?
     
     

     

    nx/f] tfGbf kx/f] uh{g]]

    nx/f] tfGbf kx/f] uh{g] rGbg t:s/L emfkfb]lv ltAat;Dd

    ljtf{df]8 . utxKtf Ps 6«s ax'd"No /ftf] rGbg ef/tsf] cfGw| k|b]zsf] r]GgfO{ eGg] 7fpFaf6 t:s/L u/]/ cj}w¿kdf g]kfn leq\ofO{ sf7df8f}+ x'Fb} ltAat vf;f k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] rGbg sf7sf] ! 6«s 6f3g8'Aaf l:yt sfdf6f]nLdf dWo/ftdf :yfgLo ufpFn]åf/f kqmfp u/]sf lyP . /ftf] rGbgsf] sf7 slxn] lj/f6gu/af6 slxn] sfFs/le§faf6 l5/fpFb} cfO{ /x]sf] ePtf klg o;/L ^ k6s;Dd ;f]xL af6f] emfkf 6f3g8'Aaf 5f]6L eG;f/af6 l5/]sf] / clG6d 6«s l5/fpFbf :yfgLo tyf gofF kf6L{sf g]tfx¿ aLrdf tf]ndf]n gldn]s} sf/0fdf kqmfp k/]sf] gq o;/L slt k6s l5l/;s]sf] s'/f :yfgLoaf;Lx¿ dWo]af6 cfjfh cfO/x]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] r]GgO{b]lv snsQf / g]kfn jf]8{/;Dd o;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofOlbg] lj/Kkg lu/f]xsf] 7"nf] xft /x]sf] / xfndf hlt dflg; :yfgLo ¿kdf ;dfOPsf 5g\ vf]hL eO/x]sf 5g\ pgLx¿ %÷!) sf z]o/jfnf dfq x'g\ / 7"nf 7"nf Jofkf/L, ;fx', dxfhg, clkm;/;Ddsf] nfdf] tfFtL emfkfb]lv sf7df8f}+;Dd / To;b]lv ltAat l5g]{ / ltAat;Ddsf] ;Dks{ /x]sf] s'/f v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . ef/t gS;njf8Lsf gfd'b ck/fwLsf] ;e]{If0fdf sfFs/le§fdf /x]sf eG;f/ Ph]G6df sfd ub}{ cfpg]x¿sf] ;fyLefO dfkm{t tof/ ePsf] UofË / emfkf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / k"j{ If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ldnfpg]df rGb|u9Ld} a;f]af; ug]{ Ps sd{rf/Lsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /x]sf] / o:t} u/L sf7df8f}+ x]8Sjf6/;Ddsf cg]s Rofgnx¿;Fu tfnd]n ldnfP/ ub}{u/]sf] rGbg sf7sf] Jofkf/ of] Psk6s dfq ePsf] xf]Og / k/Dk/fut sfo{df ! k6s afws ePsf] eGg] v'Ngdf cfPsf] 5 . o;/L AP 27 W/0403 gDa/sf] dfnafxs ef/tLo 6«s / To;nfO{ :sl6Ë ug]{ d] ! r $#@ gDa/sf] 6f6f ;'df] /x]sf]df elgG5 ;f] ef/tLo 6«s klg @ gDa/L x'g;S5 eGb5g\ . r]GgO{b]lv g]kfn;Dd rGbg sf7 Nofpg 7"nf] ;d:of / ef/td} kqmfp kg'{kg]{df gkg'{df klg cfZro{ k|s6 ub{5g\ . o;n] s] k'li6 ub{5 eg] g]kfn ef/t, ltAat;Ddsf] nfdf] hfnf] km}lnPsf] lu/f]x emfkfsf] ljtf{df]8 / sfFs/le§f ef/tsf] kfgL6+sLdf 7"N7"nf ;b:ox¿ /x]sf 5g\, o;df clwsf+z sf+u|]; kf6L{leqsf 7"nf kx'Frjfnf / cGo kf6L{sf] k|ltlglwTj klg /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo 6f3g8'Aaf / gofF kf6L{sf] k|ltlglwk|ltsf] x]nr]qm\ofOFsf] sf/0f of] b'ef{Uo ef]Ug' k/]sf] xf] eGb5g\ . o;/L ufpFn]n] ut o;/L ufpn]n] ut cfOtjf/ g} lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k|d'vsf] xftdf 6«s dfn;fdfg ;lxt kqmfp u/]sf JolQmx¿ lhDdf nufO{ lnnfd ul/g'kg]{ / ;f] jfkt p7]sf] /sd 6f3g8'Aafsf] ljsf;df vr{ ul/g' kg]{ elgPsf] 5 . o; sf7sf] lnnfd lsGg] JolQm sf] x'g] < ltg}, h;sf] dfn xf], p;}n] lnnfdaf6 glnP c¿ s;n] lsGg] < o; lnnfdsf] k|lqmofn] :yfgLo k|zf;g / k|zf;s g]tfx¿df klg ca pk/fGt /fd|f] ;DaGw /fVg] cj;/ aGg] eof] eGg] rrf{ kfOG5 . o; t:s/ sfo{df v'Ng cfPsf gfd k|Xnfb >]i7, r]tg e§/fO{, slkn k/fh'nL, Zofd yfkf –k|d'v elgg]_, k|lbk /fO{ sfFs/le§fsf, s'd/vf]bsf zDe' sfsL{, hf]/dfO{ Snjsf cWoIf hut v8\sf, z/0ffdtL gjLg yfkf, ;'¿Ëf /fd kf7s dWo] wfOt] ePsf / kqmfp k/]sf eP klg logLx¿ ;a} g} k|d'v xf]Ogg\ / oL Kofwf dfq x'g\ . of] sf08nfO{ 5'6fpg uPsf] ljtf{df]8 / sfFs/le§fsf k|x/Lx¿sf] 6f]nL 5'§f5'§} uPsf]df cfkm"n] % /fp08 kmfo/ u/]/ tLg k|x/L 3fOt] eO{ ljtf{df]8 OG;k]S6/ lblnk emfsf] xft efFlrPsf] lyof] . emfkf 6f3g8'Aafsf] k|x/L sfof{non] 6«s jfk6 dlxgfjf/L lng] lglZrt g} eof], z+s} 5}g . o;b]lv c¿n] klg vfG5g\, Tof] kf] 7"nf] s'/f] xf], To;sf] e]b vf]Ng' h¿/L 5, x]/f}+ v'N5 jf v'Nb}g eGg] ;jfn 7"nf] xf] . :d/0f /xf];\ % b]lv ^ km'6 nfdf # ;o ^@ j6f uf]nfO{sf /ftf] rGbg sf7 /x]sf 5g\ . 6«s rfns / vnf;L ;d]t kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . csf]{ cfZro{sf] s'/f s] 5 eg] * bn a;]/ u/]sf] lg0f{oaf6 jg sfof{nodf lhDdf nufOg' cfZro{ 5}g / eG;f/ sfof{nodf hfg' kg]{ jf /fhZj cg';Gwfg 6f]nL dfkm{6 ul/g' kg]{df jg sfof{nodf klxNo}b]lv /fd|f] ;DaGw / v]n v]Nb} cfpg] v]nf8Ls} cfb]zdf o:tf] ePsf eGg] klg rrf{ rNb}5 . nx/f] tfGbf kx/f] uh{g] 8/n] t}+ r'k d} r'k eO{ c¿ t]Aa/ wGbf rN5 eGg] :yfgLoaf;Lsf] ljrf/ /x]sf] 5 .

     

     

     

    hg;]gf lzlj/ aflx/ lgl:sP

     

    ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ yfx} glbO{ u/]sf !$ /fhb"t lgo'lQmsf] nflu dgf]gog nufotsf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o lkmtf{ lng r]tfjgL lbFb} dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf d+unjf/ lbgel/ xltof/;lxt lzlj/ aflx/ lgl:sP . dfcf]jfbLsf] r'nfr'nL l:yt klxnf] hg;]gf l8lehgaf6 dWofGg !@ ah]lt/ xft xltof/;lxt slDtdf cf7 ;o hg;]gf lzlj/af6 Ps lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f lgl:sP . lzlj/ 5f8]/ ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf hg;]gf aflxl/Fbf ToxfF j/k/sf ;a{;fwf/0fsf] klg 3'FOrf] nfu]sf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL;Fusf]] zflGt k|lqmofsf qmddf u/]sf ;xdltsf] pNn+3g x'g] u/L k|x/L rf}sLx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf, pRr ;/sf/L lghfdlt tyf hËL clwsf/Lx?sf] ;?jf tyf a9'jf nufotsf lg0f{o u/]sf]df cfqmf]lzt dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf 6fF8L / ofª\l;nfl:yt ltgsf c:yfoL lzlj/af6 klg aflxl/P . ltgn] ;/sf/n] ;xdlt pNn+3g ul//x] lzlj/af6 cfkm} 6f9f uP/ ultljlw ;~rfng ug]{ r]tfjgL klg lbPsf 5g\ . lzlj/ aflx/ lgl:sPsf hg;]gf ck/fGx $ ah] k'gM lzlj/df k'u]sf lyP . o;aLr dfcf]jfbLsf Ps hgf clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/ zflGt k|lqmofk|lt c;+j]bgzLn ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . hg;]gfsf] klxnf] l8lehgsf ;xsdf08/ kfj]nn] eg]– æxfdL ;/sf/n] af/Daf/ ;xdlt pNn+3g ubf{ r'k nfu]/ a:b}gf}+, ;xg'sf] klg Pp6f xb x'G5 .Ú pgn] cGtl/d ;/sf/ ga'Gh]n dfcf]jfbLsf] hg;/sf/n] rGbf p7fO/xg] klg atfPsf 5g\ .

     

     

     

     

     

    lu/LaGw'df dft[zf]s

    ljtf{df]8 . Go" lu/L P08 ;G; 6L O:6]6sf k|f]k/fO6/åo k|]d lu/L / s[i0fs'df/ lu/LnfO{ dft[zf]s k/]sf] 5 . kfl/jfl/s ;|f]tn] hgfP cg';f/ (^ aifL{o lu/LaGw'sL cfdf /Tgdfof lu/Lsf] a[4fj:yfsf] sf/0f sf7df8f}+df d+l;/ @( ut] ;fFem ^ ah] lgwg ePsf] xf] . :j= zd;]/ lu/Lsf k'q :j= eujfgbf;sf lu/LsL wd{kTgL /Tgdfof cToGt} bofn', ;dfh;]jL / cgf/dgL jl/kl/ ;a}sL lk|o …cfdfÚ x'g'x'GYof] . lbj+ut lu/Lsf k|]d / s[i0f b'O{ 5f]/fsf ;fy} 5f]/Lx? lji0f' jg, s[i0ff k'/L, sNkgf ef/tL / k"l0f{df lji6 /x]sf 5g\ . k'if ! ut] sf7df8f}+df pxfFsf] cGToi6L ul/Psf] 5 . lu/LaGw'dfly k/]sf] dft[ljof]usf] kL8f ;xg k/dlktf k/d]Zj/n] zlQm k|bfg u?g\ eGg] k|fy{gf ub}{ lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] lgldt ;'k"j{ dflnsf kl/jf/ sfdgf ub{5f}F .

    df3 !! ut]b]lv ;]G6ck

    rGb|u9L . ;]G6ck k/LIff df3 !! ut]b]lv emfkfdf ;~rfng x'g]ePsf] 5 . df3 !! ut]b]lv @! ut];Dd ;~rfng ulg] pQm k/LIff laxfg !! ah]b]lv z'? x'g] 5 . klxnf] lbg clgjfo{ c+u|]hLsf] ljifodf k/LIff x'g] lhNnf :t/Lo ;]G6ck k/LIff ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 yfx ePsf] 5 . e[s'6L dflj b'uf{k'/df lhNnf:t/Lo ;]G6ck k/LIff ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] pQm ldlt to u/]sf] xf] . lhNnf:t/Lo k/LIff ;DkGg ug{sf nflu o; cl3 g} emfkfsf ;fj{hlgs -;fd'bflos_ ljBfnosf k|cx?sf] a}7sn] >L ;/:jtL dflj bdssf k|=c= lbnLk >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo k/LIff ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; aif{ sIff !) sf] kf7\ok':tsaf6 dfq P;Pn;Lsf] k|Zgkq tof/ ul/g] ePkl5 ;]G6ck k/LIffdf ;d]t sIff !) sf] kf7\ok':tsaf6 k|Zgx? lgdf{0f ul/g] ;ldltsf Ps ;b:o atfP . emfkfdf (% ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf ( xhf/ ljBfyL{n] ;]G6ck k/LIff lbg] atfOPsf] 5 .

    ;fgf nufgLsf klqsf ljifos uf]i7L]

    ef]n]{6f/-ndh'ª_– ax'rlr{t a]kQf hgsf] vf]hLsfaf/]df ;/sf/L] cle JolQm em'7f] ;fljt ePkl5 ;/sf/ gfËLP 5 . :yfgLo ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff a]; SoDkaf6 )%* ;fnsf] df3df a]kQf agfOPsf jif{ ^@sf rf]tgfy lwld/] / jif{ ^)sf z]v/gfy l3ld/] sf] vf]hLsf nflu ul/Psf] k|of;df sflt{s !* ut] pxfFx?sf] zj ufl8Psf] :yfgkQf nfu]kl5 ;/sf/L gUgtf pbfËf] ePsf] xf] eg] pxfFx?sf af/]df o;cl3 cGt/Ë n] u/]sf] cg'dfg ;To ;fljt ePsf] 5 . lsgeg], pxfFx? b'j} nfO{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 xTof ul/Psf s]bf/ l3ld/]sf] xTofsf08df d'5]/ Hofgdf/f d'2f nufOPsf] lyof] . h'g cfhklg pxfFx?sf] xsdf ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}+df d'NtjLdf5 . j]kQf åosf] c:yL/k~h/ sf:sL lhNnfsf] y'DsL, x+;k'/ / ?kfsf]6 uflj;sf] ;+ud:yn ;u| jf;sf] cd[tkfgL hËndf ufl8P sf] cj:yfdf pxfFx?sf cfkmGtn] km]nfkfg'{ ePsf]xf] . pxfFx?sf] l:ylt kQfnufpg kl/jf/af6 :yfgLo a];SofDkdf sflt{s * ut]b]lv yflnPsf] @$ 306] l/n] cg;gdf ufpFn]n] klg efu lnPsf lyP . u[xn] a]kQfx?sf] !&$ hgfsf] ;"lr ;fj{hlgs ug]{qmddf ;]gfsf] dfgjclwsf/ zfvfsf] rg+ !^% sf] kqsf cfwf/df )^# c;f]h @$ ut];Dd rf]tgfy l3ld/] ef]n]{6f/sf] ;}lgs SofDksf] ;Dks{df /x]sf] hgfPsf] lyof]. To;kl5 kl/jf/hg / ufpFn]n] SofDk 3]/fp ubf{ klg s'g} u'~hfo; gePkl5 cg;g yflnPsf] lyof] eg] ! dlxgfdf klg ;fj{hlgs gu/]df kl/jfghgn] cfd/0f cg;g ug]{ atfPsf lyP . Tolt ubf{klg ;/sf/ ;+j]bgzLn b]lvPsf] lyPg. o;}qmddf cf– cfˆgf 9+uaf6 vf]hLdf h'l6/x]sf pxfFsf cfkmGtx?sf] k|of; qmddf åo l3ld/]sf] zj ufl8Psf] :yfg km]nf k/]sf] xf] . tL bfh'– efOnfO{ ;]gfn] t];|f]k6s tf/]vdf hfFbf rf]tgfynfO{ )%* df3 @) / z]v/gfynfO{ @% ut] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyof] . z]/vgfynfO{ /fVbf sf] lbg pxfFsf] >LdtL ;d]t;+u} hfg' ePsf] / cfˆg} cufl8 pxfFnfO{ cfFvfdf k§L afFw]/ SofDk leq nu]sf] z]v/gfysL >LdtL /flwsf atfpg' x'G5 . k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ pxfFx?nfO{ )%* r}t @) ut] ;f] hËndf uf]nL xfg]/ xTof ul/Psf] lyof], ;f] lbg w]/} kmfol/Ë ;'g]sf ;f] If]qsf jfl;Gbfx?n] ;fFem @ dfcf]jfbL le8Gtdf d/]sf] eGg] ;'/IffsdL{af6 ;'g]sf lyP eg] pxfFx? sf] lrxfg x+;k'/ sfpn]sL lagLdfof u'?ªn] tLg lbg kl5g} b]Vg' ePsf] t/ ;'/IffsdL{sf] 8/sf sf/0f eGg g;Sg' ePsL u'?ªn] z]v/gfysL cfkmGt ;Ltf ;'j]bLnfO{ s]xLlbgcl3 b]vfpg' eP kl5 lrxfgsf] pTvgg ubf{ pxfFx?n] lu/ˆtf/ ul/bf nufPsf] 6f]kL, 38L, pgsf] uGhL, h'Qf, lqmltd bfFt cflbsf cfwf/df kl/jf/hgn] klxrfg u/]sf x'g\. lrxfgdf cl:y/k~h/ ;d]t km]nf k/]sf] k|ToIfb;L{n] atfP . cfˆgf kltsf] c:yL/k~h/ km]nfk/]kl5 zf]s ljXjn aGg' ePsf l3ld/] åosf >LdtLx? qmdzM euL/yf / /flwsfn] xTofdf ;+nUgx?nfO{ s8feGbf s8f sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ dfu ug'{ ePsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\, Psk|sf/ /fh gLltaf6 6f9f /x]/ cfˆgf] u[x:yL u/L kl/jf/sf] e/0f kf]if0f ul/cfpg' ePsf pxfFx?nfO{ Hofgdf/fsf] d'2f le/fOPs} cj:yfdf ;emfO{ gkfpFb} r/d oftgf ;lxt csfnd} Hofg ;d]t u'dfg k¥of] eg] To:tf] d'2f le/fpg]n] s'g} ;hfo ef]Ug' k5{ of kb}{g x]g{ s]xL ;do kv{g} kg]{ ePsf]5

     

    ljtf{df]8df l/S;faf6 JolQm n'l6P

    ljtf{df]8 . d]rL c~rnsf] d'6' dflgg] ljtf{df]8 zx/ ef/tsf] snsQf / sl6xf/df x'g] u/]sf] n'6kf6 h:tf] l/S;frfns / ks]6df/sf] Jojxf/ ljtf{df]8sf] Ps l/S;faf6 n'l6P/ ce/ k/]sf JolQmnfO{ rGbf p7fP/ k7fOPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Kt/L lhNnf uf]9L uf=lj=;= jf8{ g+= & sf] lkk/fxL a:g] cGbfhL aif{ %) sf JolQmnfO{ a;n] ;fFemkv ljtf{df]8sf] klZrd :6\of08df NofO{ 5f]8]kl5 sfFs/le§f hfg] uf8L k"j{ :6]08lt/ kfpF5 eGg] ePkl5 5]j}sf] l/S;fdf r9]/ hfFbf cfkm";Fu ePsf] emf]nf, sk8f, k};f ;d]t s'6lk6 u/L n'6]sf] s'/f $ ut] emfkf aGbsf] laxfg eb|k'/ hfg] k'/fgf] af6f] l:yt Pp6f l/S;f rfnsn] p4f/ u/L /fv]/ ljxfg :yfgLoaf;Lx?n] rGbf p7fO ef/tsf] cf;fdsf] uf}xf6Ldf Ujfnfsf] Joj;fo ug]{ u5'{, ef8f dfq eP k'U5 eg]sfn] p7fO lbPsf] b]lvof] . o;/L xfd|} ljtf{df]8df klg l/S;f rfnsx?af6 n'6kf6 eof] eGg] ;'Gbf o; 7fpFn] snsQf / sl6xf/sf] l;sf] l;s]5g\, ca s;/L hf]lug] xf] / l/S;f;Fu ;DalGwt kIfn] cab]lv s;/L o; vfnsf Jojxf/nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsG5, To; tkm{ cu|;/ gePsf] v08df 7"nf] b'ef{Uo glgDTofpnf eGg ;lsGg . l/S;f, 7]nf ;+u7gn] kl/ro-kq lhDd]jf/L ;fydf ;~rfng ul/g' kg]{ clgjfo{tf b]lvG5 . xf]Og eg] o:tf] sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/ ;+u7gn] lng' kg]{ x'g]5 .

     

    dfcf]jfbLn] bnsf] dfGotf kfpg xltof/ TofUg' kg]{

    a];Lzx/– :yfgLo hgljsf; pdfljdf cfof]lht #)cf}+ cleefjs ;Dd]ngdf sflt{s @! ut] ;DkGg Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lgjf{rgdf bnx?n] x:tIf]k u/]sf 5g\ . cWoIf kbdf pd]bjf/L lbg] e]ifaxfb'/ kf}8n / ;'efif kf}8]n ;b:odf /flvPkl5 To;sf] k'li6 ePsf] xf] . b'j} qmdzM g]sf / Pdfn]sf h'emf? o'jf x'g\ . cWoIfdf ;fdflhsJolQmTj afns[i0f a/fn rog x'g'ePsf]5 eg] cGo ;b:odf gf/fo0f l3ld/], k"0f{nfn >]i7 / ;/:jlt kf}8]n /flvg' ePsf]5. ;f] lgjf{rgsf qmddf cWoIfdf ^ hgf ;b:odf !( hgf / dlxnf ;b:odf $ hgfn] pd]bjf/L lbPsf] ljBfno ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .

    h];Lhdf v8\sf

    ljtf{df]8 . jL/tf h];Lhsf] ;f]daf/ ;DkGg clwj]zgaf6 ofd v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf gofF ;ldlt rog ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))& sf nflu lgjf{lrt ;f] ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf ljzfn yfkf, ;'lzns'df/ vgfn, r]tg vltj8f, lht]Gb| cu|jfn, sfo{sf/L pkfWoIfdf ljzfn a:g]t, ls/0f >]i7, ;x;lrjdf /fh]z lzjfsf]6L / hg;Dks{ clwsf/Ldf a;Gt l/dfn rog ePsf 5g\ .

     

    ‘rqmk|0ffnL x6fOg' kg]{df hf]8

     

    ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf gfddf nufOPsf] ;]G8Ls]6 k|0ffnL x6fO kfpF eGg] af/]df g]kfn jg k}bfj/ pBf]u Joj;foL ;+3 lhNnf ;ldlt emfkfn] kqåf/f hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . pQm ljifodf 9'jfgL Joj;foL ;+3n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/f vf/]h eO;s]sf] ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf gfddf nufOPsf] rqm k|0ffnL cfhsf] v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{sf] o'udf nfu" ugf{n] k"jf{~rnsf] pBf]u Joj;fo 7Kk x'g] cj:yf 5 . pQm ;+:yfn] s'g} klg ;+3, ;+:yf, Jofkf/L, Joj;foL, pBf]uL, kqsf/, a'l4hLjL / cfd pkef]Qmfx?;Fu ;/;Nnfx, cGt/lqmof gu/L dgk/L 9+un] Psnf}6L ?kdf ef8f b/df a[l4 u/L 9'jfgL ;+3n] sfo{ ;~rfng u/]sf;+3n] sfo{ ;~rfng u/]sf sf/0faf6 pNn]lvt ;+3;+:yf, pBf]u, Joj;foL, cfd pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ k"0f{?kn] w/f;foL kf/]sf] x'Fbf 9'jfgL ;+3n] kf}if & ut];Dddf pQm rqm k|0ffnL k"0f{ ?kn] gx6fPdf ;8sdf pqL cfd x8\tfn ug{ xfdLx? jfWo x'g'kg]{ x'Fbf ;f] sf] ;d]t hfgsf/Lsf ;fy cfjZos ;xof]usf nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ;DalGwt ljleGg ;+3;+:yf nufotsf ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ;d]t hfgsf/L lbPsf] Joxf]/f cjut ePsf] 5 .

    ;g\ )& df tkfO{sf] /fzLkmn

    d]if– of] jif{ dWo h'nfO{;Dd c9}of zgL ePsf] x'Fbf To;n] cl:y/tf / clglZrttf JofKt /xg], hgj/L / km]a'|c/Ldf cfo a[l4 x'g]5 . kl/jf/df s'g} df+ulns sfo{ klg x'g ;S5 . tkfO{ /f]huf/L of ljjfxsf] k|ltIffdf x'g'x'G5 eg] z'e ;Gb]z cfpg ;S5 . dfr{ clk|ndf /f]lsPsf] sfd x'g ;S5 . d] / h'gdf ljjfbaf6 6f9f /xg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . /fhsLo sfo{df ;/ntf cfpg] 5 . h'nfO{ cu:tdf hLjg;fyLsf] tf/tDo aGg] of]u 5 . e|d0fsf] klg plQs} ;Defjgf 5 . ef}lts ;'v ;'ljwfdf a[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} cj}w k|]d ;DaGwn] lrlGtt ug{ ;S5 . ;]K6]Da/ / cS6f]j/df ljBfyL{n] ljBfk|ltsf] nufj a9fpg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . ;q' k/flht x'g] 5g\ . gf]eDj/ / l8;]Da/df af]nLdf lgoGq0f ug'{ /fd|f] x'g]5 . lrGtfaf6 d'lQmsf] tyf clws nfesf] nflu zlgsf] ;fy} xg'dfgsf] cf/fwgf ug'{ kmnbfoL x'g]5 .

    j[if– jif{sf] ;'?df tgfj, kl/jf/df dgd'6fj x'g] x'Fbf xf]l;of/ /xg' . km]a'|cl/df nfebfos ofqf x'g]5 . kl/jf/df ;'v, ;d[l4 a9\g]5 . hflu/]x?sf] clkm;df k|efj a9\g]5 . dfr{ / clk|ndf cw'/f sfd k'/f x'g] of]u 5 . kl/jf/df df+ulns sfd x'g] ;S5 . s;}n] nufgL ug'{ ePsf] 5 / p7]sf] 5}g eg] Tof] p7\g] 5 . d] / h'gdf 3/vr{df ljz]if Wofg lbg' pko'Qm 5 . h'nfO{ cui6df wg ;dalGw sfo{df xf]l; of/L ckgfpg'sf ;fy} tgfjaf6 d'Qm /xg', pT;fxaf6 u/]sf] sfo{af6 nfe ldNg] 5 . cfdf jf ;Gtfgaf6 lrGtf a9\g ;S5 . ;fy{s k|of;af6 /f]lsPsf sfd aGg ;S5 . gf]e]Dj/ / l8;]Dj/df af]nLdf lgoGq0f ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'g]5 . clws kmn lngsf nflu zgLsf] pkf;gf tyf lzjsf] hkWofg ug'{ >]o:s/ 5 .

    ldy'g– hgj/Ldf df+ulns sfo{ x'g ;S5 . clws Jo:ttfsfaLr klg :jf:y / vNtL-ah]6_sf] Wofgdf /fVg' nfesf/L 5 . dfr{ / clk|ndf wfld{s cf:yfdf a[l4 x'G5 . ;d:ofxn ug{sf nflu a''l4dfgL JolQmx?af6 ;Nnfx lng' /fd|f] x'g]5 . gf]s/Lsf] cfzf k'/f x'g ;S5 . d] h'gdf s'g} /f]lsPsf] k'/fgf] sfd aGg ;S5 . vr{sf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg', bfDkTo hLjg ;'vdo x'G5 . h'nfO{ cu:tdf pT;fxsf ;fy u/]sf] sfddf ;kmntf 5, ;Gtfgsf ultljlwdf gh/ /fVg', :yfg kl/jt{g x'g] of]u klg 5 . ;]K6]Dj/ cS6f]j/df dg ;+oldt ug'{, ;Gtfgsf sfo{x?df gh/ nufpg'sf ;fy} ldqsf] ;Nnfx klg dfGg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . gf]eDj/ l8;]Dj/df l/;, rf]6k6sb]lv xf]l;of/ /xg', zq' k/f:t x'g]5g\ . s'g} klg ;d:ofk|lt l/; / cfj;sf] sf/0f z'ekmnbfoL x'g] kl/0ffd klg gsf/fTds x'g ;S5 . clws kmnsf] nflu dWo h'nfO{af6 zgLsf] cf/fwgf tyf nIdLgf/fo0fsf] k'hf ug'{ /fd|f] x'g]5 .

    ss{6– ;f9] ;flt zgL bzfsf] k|efj /xg] x'Fbf jif{e/L g} /f]u / rf]6sf] ;Defjgf /xL /xG5 . hgj/Lsf] bf];|f] kIfdf hLjg;fyLsf] :jf:Yodf Vofn /fVg', hgj/L / dfr{df cgfjZos ofqfsf] of]u 5 . clk|n / d]df ;Gtfaf6 u/]sf] sfo{n] ;'vbfoL x'g]5 . h'g / d]df ;Gtfg / hLjg;fyLsf] ;fy alg/xG5 . h'nfO{ cui6df jxfg ;'v ldNg ;S5, ;]D6]Dj/df cfWofTddf dg hfu[t x'g] x'Fbf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g]5 . cS6f]j/df k|]dLhgsf nflu z'e kmnbfoL x'g]5 . gf]e]Dj/df e"ld tyf 3/ ;DalGw ljjfb kg{ ;S5 t/ hLt tkfO{s} x'g]5 . l8;]Dj/df ;Gtfgsf] nflu vr{ x'g;S5 . z'ekmnsf nflu zgL / xg'dfgsf] cf/fwgf pQd x'g]5 .

    l;+x– ;fF8] ;ft zgLsf] k|efj /xg] x'Fbf o;sf] r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;sf /fTds ;f]r / cfTdljZjf;n] si6 x6\g ;S5 . hgj/L / km]a'|c/Ldf lj/f]wL;Fu ;fjwfg /xg', clk|n / d]df eljiosf] lrGtfn] ;tfpg] 5 . wd{k|lt cf:yf a9\g] 5 . h'nfO{df ldqx?sf] ;xof]un] /fd|f] sfd x'g]5 . cu:6 zfnLg Jojxf/sf] sf/0f ;Ddfg ldNg ;S5 . ;]K6]j/ / cS6f]j/df n]gbgsf] sfo{df xf]l;of/ /xg', gf]s/Lsf] vf]hLdf eP ;dfwfg x'g]5 . gf]e]Dj/ l8;]Dj/df ljjfxsf] rfxgf eP c? nlDag ;S5 . :j:Yosf] Vofn /fVg', vr{ / hldgsf] dfdnfdf Wofg lbg', clws nfesf nflu zgLsf] pkrf/, xg'dfg / ;"o{sf] cf/fwgf ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .

    sGof– of] jif{ ;f9] ;flt zgLsf] bzfsf] k|efj 5 To;}n] :jf:Yo / vr{df Wofg lbg' plrt x'G5 . ;Gtfg lrGtfsf] sf/0f x'g ;S5 . e"ld / ejgsf] ;d:of eg] ;dfwfg x'g] 5 . kl/>daf6 /fd|f] kmn k|fKt x'g]5 . dfr{ clk|ndf kl/jf/sf] ;d:of / kl/jf/hgsf] efjgfsf] Wofg /fVg', d] / h'gdf ldqx?sf] ;xof]uaf6 afwf x6\g ;S5 . h'nfO{ cu:6df k|efj If]qdf a[l4sf] ;fy} ljjfx x'g ;Sg] of]u 5 . ;]K6]Da/ cS6f]j/df ;+oldt Jojxf/n] zq' k/f:t x'g] 5g\ . gf]eDj/ / l8;]Dj/df ljjfbaf6 d'Qm /xg] ;fx; /fVg', ofqf nfesf/L 5 . clws nfesf] nflu zgLsf] pkrf/, ufO{sf] ;]jf / lji0f'sf] Wofg ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .

    t'nf– dfgl;s tgfj /x]/ klg k'/} jif{ ;'Gb/ /xg]5 . hgj/L pT;fxk"0f{ /xg] 5 . k/LIff / k|ltof]lutfdf efu lnO/x]sfx?n] z'e ;dfrf/ kfpg]5g\ . km]a'|c/L / dfr{df k|]d k|;Ë si6bfos x'g]5 . sfg'gL ljjfbaf6 6f9f /xg' . clk|n / d]df oz a[l4 x'g]5 . Jo:ttfdf klg z/L/sf] Vofn /fVg', ljjfx k/ ;g{ ;S5 . h'gdf hLjg;fyLsf] efjgf cg's'n sfd ug'{ /fd|f] x'g]5 . h'nfO{ / cu:6df ofqfsf] of]u 5 . ;GtfgkIf cfglGbt x'g]5 . ;]K6]Da/ / cS6f]j/df cfDbfgL vr{ a/fa/ x'g]5 . gf]e]Da/ / l8;]Sj/df ;fyLsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ of]hgf agfpg' a'l4dfgL x'g]5 . hLjg;fyL / cfdf afa'sf] kIfaf6 ;xof]u ldNg]5 . z'ekmnsf] nflu u0f]zsf] cr{gf, eujtL b'uf{sf] Wofg ug'{sf] ;fy} ;fydf lqmd sn/sf] j:t' ?dfn snd cflb /fVg' z'e x'g]5 .

    a[lZrs– jif{sf] z'?df cfs:dLs wg nfe x'G5 . vr{k|lt xf]l;of/L / af]nLdf ;+od ckgfpg' xf]nf . km]a'|c/Ldf jfxg k|of]udf xf]l;of/ /xg', ljBfyL{n] cf ˆ gf] n]vfO{ k9fO{df Wofg lbg', dfr{ clk|ndf k|ltli7t hgsf] ;xof]un] pGgtLdfu{sf] 9f]sf v'Ng] 5 . kfl/jfl/s ljjfb jf dgsf] pbfl;gtfaf6 aRg' xf]nf . h'g h'nfO{df a'l4sf] pko'Qm k|of]un] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug'{, afxgsf] pkof]udf ;fjwfg x'g' . wfld{s :ynsf] ofqfsf] of]u 5 . cu:6 ;]K6]Dj/df kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] efjgfsf] sb/af6 pGgtL dfu{ v'Ng]5 . cS6f]j/ gf]e]Dj/df s'g} z'esfo{ ;DkGg x'g;S5 . jiff{ofddf rf]6k6saf6 ;fjwfg /xg', z'ekmnsf] nflu xg'dfgsf] ;]jf, cf/fwgf tyf d+unsf] k'hf ug'{ /fd|f] x'g]5 .

    wg'– hgj/L / km]a'|c/Ldf pwf/f] lbg] sfo{af6 aRg' xf]nf . clws vr{sf] of]u 5. gofF ldqsf] ;Dks{af6 nfe x'g]5 . dfr{ / clk|ndf cfdf / afa'sf] tkm{af6 lrGtf a9\g] of]u 5 . ofqfsf] of]u 5 . d] h'gdf cfly{s kIf ;Gtf]ifhgs /xg]5 . ;Gtfgsf ultljlwdf Wofg lbg', hLjLsfsf] ;d:of xn x'g]5 . h'nfO{ cu:tdf kl/jf/sf] ;d:of zflGtk"0f{ 9+uaf6 ;dfwfg ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'g]5 . hf]s;}sf] ljZjf; gug'{ /fd|f] x'g]5 . ;]K6]Dj/ cS6f]j/df xtf/df s'g} klg lg0f{o gug'{, hLjg;fyL of ;Gtfgsf] tkm{af6 z'e;dfrf/ cfpg]5 . Jojxf/ s'zntfn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g]5 . gf]e]Dj/ l8;]Dj/df :jf:Yodf Wofg lbg', ldq tyf cGoaf6 nfesf] of]u 5 . clws kmnsf] nflu nIdLgf/fo0f tyf xg'dfgsf] ;]jf cr{gf z'esf/L x'G5 .

    ds/– o; jif{ cfo tyf pGgtL dfu{ k|;:t a9\g]5 . hgj/L km]a'|c/Ldf :jf:Yo k|lt Wofg /fVb} u'Kt zq'k|lt xf]l;of/ /xg', dfr{ clk|ndf af]nLdf lgoGq0f ug'{, nfd]f of 5f]6f] b'/Lsf] of]u 5 . jfxg Pj+ z'esfo{sf vr{sf] of]u klg 5 . ldqsf ;Nnfx cg';f/ rNg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . d] h'gdf ;Gtfg kIfsf] sf/0f bf}8efu x'g ;S5 . /fd|f] sfddf afwf cfpg' :jefljs x'g;S5 . h'nfO{ cu:6df tgfjaf6 aRb} 3/sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug'{, ;]K6]Dj/ / cS6f]j/df dfgl;s si6k|lt ;fjwfg /xg', gf]e]Dj/ / l8;]Dj/df s'g} ldqsf] ;xof]un] lju|]sf] sfd aGg ;S5 . ljjfxsf nflu plrt k|:tfj cfpg ;S5 . z'ekmnsf nflu zgLsf] pkrf/ / ;"o{gf/fo0fsf] c3{ lbg' kmnbfoL x'g]5 .

    s'De– hgj/L / km]a'|c/Ldf x'g] vr{k|lt ;r]t /xg', lg0f{osf nflu cf ˆ gf] ;f]r;demn] g} to ug]{ 5 . ljBfyL{sf nflu k9fO{d} Wofg lbg' a'l4dfgL x'g]5 . dfr{ clk|ndf ax; tyf ljjfbaf6 6f9f /xg', wg pwf/]f lbg' jf nufgL ug'{ k"j{ ;f]Rg', d] h'gdf :jhgdf tgfj pTkGg x'g ;S5, sfddf afwf cfP klg w}o{n] lhTg] k|oTg ug'{, h'nfO{ cu:6df ;Gtfg af6 lrGtf a9\g] 5 . hLjg;fyLsf] dgf] efjgfsf] cg'?k sfod ug'{. ;]K6]Dj/ cS6f]j/df hLjg;fyLsf] :jf:Yodf Wofg lbg', gf]e]Da/ / l8;]Dj/df hLjg;fyLsf] ;/;Nnfx cg';f/ rNg', 3/ kl/jf/df df+ulns sfo{ cfpg ;S5 . dfg;Ddfgdf a[l4 x'g]5 . clwskmnsf] nflu eujfg lzjsf] k'hfcr{gf nfebfoL x'g]5 .

    dLg– of] jif{ pGgtLzLn 5 . hgj/L km]a'|c/Ldf ofqf ;Dej 5 . ;Gtfgaf6 z'e ;dfrf/ cfpg ;S5 . gf]s/Lsf] k|ltIff ePdf ldNg]5 . dfr{ clk|ndf kl/jf/;fy ;do ljtfpgsf ;fy} ;Gtfgsf] k8fO{df Wofg lbg', zq' k/f:t x'g] 5g\ . d] h'gdf dg xlif{t x'g] z'e ;dfrf/ ;'Gg' kfpg' x'g]5 . ah]6sf] Wofgdf /fVg' . ldqhgaf6 /f]lsPsf] sfd aGg ;S5 . h'nfO{ cu:6df z'ebfoL ;dfrf/ kfpg' x'g]5 . ;]K6]Dj/ cS6f]j/df sfo{ Jo:ttf eP klg cf ˆ gf] / hLjg;fyLsf] :jf:Yodf Wofg lbg', gf]e]Dj/ l8;]Dj/df vr{ k|lt ;r]t /xg' xf]nf . gf]s/L cflb ug'{x'G5 eg] dflyNnf JolQm;Fu tf/tDo ldnfpg' z'e xf]nf . clwskmnsf] nflu eujfg\ lji0f'sf] ;]jf cr{gf nfesf/L x'G5 .

    Ú –

     

     

     

     

     

     

    ;DkfbsLo

     

    u0ftGq, k|hftGq, nf]stGq df]rf{ s] <

    d'n'sdf cf7 j6f kf6L{ dfqsf] afx'Notf b]lvFb} cfPsf] nf]stflGqs ;/sf/sf x/]s ultljlwx?df cfkm};Fu /x]sf * j6f kf6L{x? dWo] a]nfa]nfdf dfcf]jfbL ;lxt $ j6f kf6L{x? uf}0f /xg] u/]sf] l:ylt b]lvG5 / # kf6L{df Pdfn], k|hftflGqs sf+u|]; / sf+u|]; kf6L{ dfq} xfjL ePsf] b]lvg'n] d'n'sdf ljut aif{sf] lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ x'gk'u]sf gk'u]sf nueu d'n'sel/df ;fgf 7"nf kf6L{sf ?kdf /x]sf /x]sf k'u-gk'u ;o j6f kf6L{x?sf] dxTj g} g/x]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5, of] /fd|f] kIf cjZo xf]Og . ckx]ngfdf k/]sf 6L ;a} kf6L{x?sf] dtna gul/P klg dxTj /flvFb} plQs} bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngdf xft]dfnf] ug]{ & kf6L{ / dfcf]jfbLx?df $ kf6L{sf] ulGtdfq /flvG5 t/ sfd 5}g . sfd ePsf] dfcf]jfbLsf] klg a]nfa]nfsf] 3'sL{, x'Fsf/ x]bf{ tLg kf6L{sf] dfq dxTj /x]sf] / ar{:j sfod ePsf] Jojxf/af6 3'sL{, wDsLx?n] sdhf]/ agfO k'gM nfOgdf NofOPsf] b]Vbf stfstf lr;f] Jojxf/ knfpg] kf] xf] ls eGg] l:ylt b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . of] s:tf] v]n < ;/sf/ / ;Qfdf klg hfg], lgod klg eË ug]{, rGbf c;'nL / x8tfn aGbsf] cfXjfg klg oyfjt g} sfod /flvg], k|x/Lx?n] lgxTyf zflGt;'/Iff ug'{kg]{, obfsbf dfcf]jfbLn] xltof/ lnP/ lxF8\bf x'g], g]kfnL ;]gf af]Ng, lxF8\g;Ddsf] cj:yf uf/f] agfOg'n] d'n'sleq s:tf] vfnsf] /fli6"o v]nePsf] lgSof]{n g} uf/f] eO/x]sf] 5 . hDdfhDdL x]bf{, k|hftflGqs df]rf{, nf]stflGqs df]rf{, u0ftGqsf] df]rf{ wdfwd aGg yfn]sf 5g\ . cfhsf cfjZostf s] lglZrt ePg . o;n] o'jfk':tfx? stf, s'g df]rf{df nfUg] eGg] cGof}ndf g]tfx?af6 klg k|i6 x'g g;Sbf ef]ln d'n'ssf] cj:yf s:tf] xf]nf k|ZglrGx nfu]sf] 5 .

     
     

    ;dfrf/ ljljw

    If]qL ;dfh ;dfg'kflts kIfdf

     

    sf7df8f}+ If]qL ;dfh /fli6«o dxf;+3sf] bf];|f] dxflwj]zgsf ;xefuL Pj+ jQmfx?n] /fHo ;~rfngdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] dfunfO{ Jojxf/df g} sfof{Gjog x'g'kg]{df k'; !% ut] hf]8 lbOPsf5g\ . k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf k"j{pks'nklt 8f= tf]/0f sfsL{n] pb3f6g ug'{ x'Fb} efif0f / e]nfn] u/LaL x6\b}g To;sf nflu lzIff / /fhuf/L rflxG5 . To;tkm{ ;dfhsf] Wofg hfcf];\ eGg'eof] . pb3f6g ;qdf dGtJo JoQm ug'{x'Fb} ;dfhsf ;Nnfxsf/ 8f= ;'/]Gb| s];Ln] cfh klg lg/k]If u/LaLsf] /]vfd'gL ;a}eGbf lk5l8Psf] elgPsf] yf? hfltdf $*k|ltzt /x]sf]5 eg] If]qLx?df %) k|lt;t /x]sf], #^ hgf ;lrjx?df @^ hgf a|fDx0f 5g\ . hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df clw/fHodf a|fDx0fsf] ;+Vof !$ k|ltzt / If]qLx? em08} %) /x]sf5g\ eGg'x'fb} sf7df8f}+df /x]sf @÷$ hgf If]qLx?n] ;'vef]Ub}df s0ff{nLsf If]qLx?nfO{ klg To;df bfHg x'Gg / o;tkm{ j:t'jfbL x'g'k5{ eGg' eof] . e]nfdf /fpt ;dfhsf k|ltlglw /fd]Zj/n] xfdL cxd\ / 3d08n] lalu|of}+ ;dfhdf dlxnf / o'jfnfO{ phf{sf] ?kdf pkof]u ug{ / csf]{ If]qL ;dfh;Fu Pstfsf nflu kxn ug'{ kg]{ atfpg' eof] . ;f] cj;/df If]qL ;dfh g]kfnsf cWoIf d]= k"0f{l;+x If]qL, k|sfz a:g]t, lgnd s'Fj/, nfnaxfb'/ aflgofF, cg'/fwf yfkf, /fd v8\sf tyf yf? ;dfhsf dxf;lra ;Todf]xg hf]zL ;lxtn] z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;dfhdf clw/fHoe/sf If]qLx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ 5ftf ;+u7g aGg] ;+sNk u/]sf] clwj]zgn] e"klt v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf @! ;b:oLo ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf z+s/s'df/ sfsL{, w'|j sfsL{, cd/rGb| yfkf, ;Ltf/fd aflgofF, lji0f'axfb'/ v8\sf, dxf;lra sfnLbf; /fpt, ;lrj /fd]Zj/ /fpt / sf]iffWoIfdf cg' /fwf yfkf rog /xg' ePsf] 5 . To:t} ;b:odf 8f= /0faxfb'/ yfkf, xf]d sfsL{, jfj'/fd l;+x yfkf, ;d'Gb| uf]bf/, bLks kf}8]n, ef]nf If]qL, p4j v8\sf, k|]d s'Fj/, ;xb]j v8\sf, ef]nf 8fFuL, jL/axfb'// v8\sf / lgnd s'Fj/ x'g'x'G5 . If]qL j+z;Fu ;DjlGwt @& ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] efu lnPsf] ;f] clwj]zg dxf;+3sf cWoIf afa'/fdl;+x yfkfn] ;efkltTj tyf ;~rfng dxf;lra xf]d a?jfnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

    /fk|kfsf b'O{ PsfO{df gof g]t[Tj

    sf7df8f}+ /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ sf7df8f}+ cGtu{t b'O{ PsfO{ ;ldltsf] u7g ;f] bnsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf hf]ud]x/ >]i7sf] pkl:yltdf xfn} ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . sfo{qmd lgjf{rg If]q g+ ! sf] If]qLo ;ldltsf cWoIf bLks v8\sfsf] ;efkltTjdf sfdgkf– !) j8fsf] yfkfufpFdf ;DkGg eof] . ;f] cj;/df ul7t ;ldltsf] cWoIfdf Zofd l3ld/], pkfWoIf xl/ >]i7, ;lrj /fh]z k'x', sf]iffWoIf dx]z 9'+u]n, ;x;lrj k'?zf]Qd yfkf tyf ;b:ox?df cf]d/ sfsL{, /d]z yfkf, z]v/ 9sfn, ;"o{axfb'/ lu/L / nIdL yfkf /xg' ePsf]5 eg] ;Nnfxsf/df dbgs[i0f >]i7, kbdaxfb'/ v8\sf, lrlgof dfof >]i7, xl/dfof k|wfg /xg'ePsf] gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf Zofd l3ld/]n] atfpg'eof] . o;}u/L, OGb|fo0fL uflj;df klg gofF ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df klg /fk|kfsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf hf]ud]o/ >]i7 k|d'v cltlysf] ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] eg] sfo{qmd lgjf{rg If]q g+= ! sf If]qLo cWoIf lbks v8\sfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df, /fhs'df/ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo uflj; PsfO{ ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]5 . pQm sfo{qmddf /fk|kfsf lhNnf ;b:o u0f]z k'8f;}gL, d[u]Gb|sfhL >]i7, /fhs'df/ yfkf ;lxtsf g]tfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] dGtJo JoQmug'{ePsf] lyof]. sfo{qmddf ;f] If]qdf/x]sf /fk|kfsf If]qLo kbflw sf/Lx? tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] pNn]Vo ?kdf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . o;}aLr, /fk|kfsf] If]q g+= !sf] cfof]hgfdf lxhf] k'; @!ut] afg]Zj/ / rfjlxn df sf]0f;ef ;DkGg eof] . ;efdf /fk|kfsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf hf]ud]o/ >]i7n] /fk|kf u0ftGqdf hfg g;Sg] t/ nf]stGqdf ljZjf; ug]{ kf6L{ ePsf] atfpg'x'Fb} k|hftGqdf ljZjf; /fVg]x?sf aLr sfo{ut Pstfsf nflu df]rf{ x'g' cfjZos /x]sf]df hf]8 lbg' eof] .

     

    bfOhf] lj?4 cfdfx? hfUg yfn]

    ndh'ª,…bfOhf] dfUg] ;fdGtL– bfOhf] lbg] ck/fwLÚ …dlxnfx? Ps xf}+– bfOhf] k|yf cGTo u/f}+Ú h:tf gf/fx? 3GsfpFb} oxfFsf cfdfx?n] ;fdflhs ljs[ltsf] ?kdf a9\b} uPsf] bfOhf] k|yfsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu ;r]tgf ¥ofnL] utxKtf ;DkGg u/] . ¥ofnLdf bfOhf] lj?4 r]tgf hfu[t ug]{ ljleGg k|sf/sf Kn]sf8{ x? ;d]t k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] ¥ofnL ljleGg cfdf ;d"xx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g …gjhfu/0f dlxnf ;d"xÚn] cfof]hgf u/sf] xf] . pQm sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] cfof]hs x?n] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .

    {

     

    l;df cltqmd hf/L ;/sf/ / g]tf df}g

    sf7df8f}+,ljt]sf cl3Nnf xKtfx?df s}nfnLsf] nfaf]emL / ehgLdf ul/Psf] cltqmd g;]nfpFb} g]kfnL e"ld cltqmd0f qmd bf]xf]l/Psf] 5 . kl5Nnf]kN6 sGrgk'/sf] /f}t]nL gx/sf] blIf0ftkm{ /x]sf] ! ;o ljwf hldg ToxfF /x]sf l;df :tDe-bz uhf_x? g]kfntkm{ ;fb}{ ef/tn] ldRg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og emfkf / gjnk/f;Lsf] ;':tfsf] ef/tLo ;Ldf If]qdf klg yk l;df ldRg] sfo{ lta| ePsf] 5 . ef/tn] cd]l/sf;+u ldn]/ blIf0f Plzofsf] ;'/Iffsf] 5ftf aGg u/]sf] kl5Nnf] k|of; …g]kfn lgNg] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{Úsf nflu g} t xf]Og < cfz+sf ug]{ k|;:t 7fpF plAhPsf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbL lgs6sf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ;Ldf If]q lgl/If0f ug{ agfPsf] sfo{ :yug ug'{n] yk cfz+sfx? pAhfPsf] atfOG5 .

    anfTsf/L afa'nfO{ rf}wjif{ s}bM kLl8t cgle1

    sf8df8f}+, kGw|jif{sf] lszf]/fj:yfdf b'O{ jif{ cl3 cfˆg} afa'af6 anfTs[t ePsL piff-gfd kl/jt{g_ >]i7n] lhNnf cbfntaf6 cfˆgf] kIfdf ePsf] km};nf sf] cem} hfgsf/L kfPsL 5}gg\ . kL8s afa' jif{ $#sf] d]xnffn >]i7nfO{ lbOPsf] !$ jif{sf] ;hfo tyf kLl8t lszf]/LnfO{ cfwf c+z lbg] cfb]zsf] s'g} hfgsf/L piffnfO{ cem} klg 5}g . kL8s x]dnfn eg] s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df /x]/ ;fob kZrftfksf 38Lx? ljtfpFb}5g\ . kLl8sn] )^! r}t $ ut] lslt{k'/ gkf– !@ sf] kfFuf l:yt Ps un}rf sf/vfgfdf ;fFemdf ;'Tg] qmddf /S;Ln] dft]/ 5f]/LnfO{ lk6\g] axfgfdf anfTsf/ u/]sf lyP eg] ef]lnkN6 lbpF;f] 3/a]6L sxfF klg Tof] x/st bf]xf]¥ofP . lszf]/Ln] lrRofPkl5 3/a]6L / l5d]sLx?n] x]dnfnnfO{ sfnLdf6L k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfPsf] piffsf] egfO{ 5 . xg'dfg 9f]sf dfkm{t rnfOPsf] xf8gftf s/0fL / hj/h:tL s/0fL b'O{ 5'§f5'§} d'2fdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ut a}zfv @! ut] ul/Psf] km};fnfdf b'j} d'2fdf &÷& jif{ s}b / c+zaf6 kLl8tnfO{ cfwf c+z lbg] cfb]z ePsf] cfbntsf sd{rf/L atfpF5g\ . otf, piffn] …cbfntsf] sf/jfxLsf] s'g} hfgsf/L gkfPsf] atfpFb} l;Gw'nL l:yt k'/fgf] 3/df afa'sf] gfddf s]xL g/x]sf], ToxfF ePsf] ;a} afa'n] hf8 vfP/ l;WofPsf] / sf7df8f}+ cfPkl5 cfdf / efOn] 5f8]/ uPkl5 pgn] sfG5L cfdf NofP/ a;]sf x]dnfnsf] gfddf s'g} :yfoL ;DklQ 5}gÚ elG5g .

    dxfrlja xTofpg Pdfn]df rnv]n

     

    sf7df08f}+, ;Qfsf] k|d'v 36g g]skf Pdfn] lgs6 eljiodf x'g] dxflwj]zg df dxf;lrasf] kb xTofpgsf nflu 7"nf] s;/t ;'? ePsf]5. To;}sf] ;]/f] km]/f]df cGtl/d ;/sf/df hfg] kxn sbdL klg hf/L/x]sf] ;|f]t atfpF5 . ;f] s;/tdf dxf;lra af6 dfwas'df/ g]kfnnfO{ lj:yflkt ug{sf nflu emngfy vgfn / afdb]j uf}td lgs} klxn]b]lv nflu kg'{ ePsf] xf] eg] pkk|wfgd+qLdf l6ls/xg s]kL cf]nLn] klg s;/t ug'{ePsf] atfOG5 . kl5Nnf]kN6 /fhb't lgo'lQm k|s/0fdf cfnf]lrtdfq geO{ dxf ;lrasf] cg'kl:yltdf :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7s ;d]t a;]/ ;f] lg0f{o lkmtf{ lng'kg]{ kf6L{n] ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]/ cf]nL sf] cfnf]rgf ePklg dxf;lra g]kfn kmls{g' ePkl5 ;f] d'2f uf}0f x'g'n] /fhb't lgo'lQmdf dfwj g]kfn / s]lk c]nLsfaLrdfq geO{ k|wfgd+qL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsfaLr df klg ;xdlt ePsf] atfOG5 . kl5Nnf lbgdf ;f] lgo'lQm af/]df k|wfgd+qLsf] c8fgn] Pdfn]sf dxf;lra / kf6L{sf] g]t[[Tj ub}{ pkk|wfgd+qL aGg'ePsf s]lk cf]nLnfO{ /fxt ldn]sf] atfOG5 . o;af6 klg vgfn / uf}td tyf g]kfn / c]nLsf aLr c3f]lift Pstf a9\b} uPsf] ;|f]tsf] egfO{ 5 . ptf, )%$ df Pdfn] nfO{ ljeflht u/L sdhf]/ ug]{ afdb]j uf}td / dfcf]jfbLdf klg ljefhgnfO{ ;+3f/df k'¥ofpg] afbnsf aLrsf] a;fp7nfO{ klg leGg cy{df xg]{x? klg tL b'j}bnx?df sdL gePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . .  

    km]l/ klg sDo"lgi6 kf6L{ km"6\of]

    sf7df8f}+– g]kfnsf b'O{ 7"nf sDo"lgi6 kf6L{x? dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]sfaLr Pstfsf] rrf{ rln/x]sf] a]nf )%$df Pdfn]af6 km'6]/ )%* df Plss/0f x'Fbf klg h'6\g g;s]sf] dfn] kf6L{df k'; @) ut] ljlwjt\ km'6 cfPsf] 5. @)%$df Pdfn]af6 g]skf dfn]sf] u7g ubf{ d'Vo e"ldsf lgefpg' ePsf] dflgPsf l;kL d}gfnLnfO{ …b/jf/ k/:tÚsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} pxfFsf] ;d"x nfO{ ;xefuL gu/fO{ …g]skf dfn]Ús} gfddf clwj]zgsf] cfof]hgf ul/Pkl5 ;f] bndf km'6n] a}wflgstf kfPsf] xf] . dxflwj]zg ug]{df Clif s§]n, 6+s /fO{ cflb x'g'x'G5 . ;Qf, kbnf]k'ktf / k};fsf] v]n– x'gt g]kfnsf k|foM ;a} bnx?sf g]tfx?df ;Qf, kbnf]k'ktf Pj+ k};fsf] v]nn] k|efj kf/]sf] gb]lvPsf] xf]Og . t/, klg Tof] ljz]ifu/L sDo"lgi6 kf6L{x?df a9L b]lvg] u/]sf] 5. ;Qfdf hfg] cj;/ cfpFgf ;fy sDo"lgi6 kf6L{x?df ;Qfdf hfgx'g] jf gx'g] jf sf] hfg] eGg] ljjfb a9\b5 eg] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjtxdf k'u]kl5 gcf]n{g] rLgs} dxfg g]tf dfcf]T;]t'ª rl/q g]kfnsf ;a} sDo"li6 g]tfdf b]lvG5 . jt{dfg e"ld;'wf/ d+qL k|e'gf/fo0f rf}w/L b]lv jt{dfgsf k|foM sDo"lgi6 g]tfx?sf u'? dflgg'x'g] df]xg ljqmd l;+x g]skf Pstf s]Gb|sf] ljutsf] # bzs b]lv Ps5q dxf;lra x'g'x'G5 . ptf ljutsf] @( jif{b]lv dxf;lra /xg'ePsf lji0f'axfb'/ dfgGw/n] kf6L{leqsf] lvrnf] ldnfpg g;Sbf xfn} dfq /flhgfdf ug'{ ePsf] 5 eg] k|foM eQmk'/df dfq l;ldt x'g k'u]sf] dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/f o0fdfg ljh'S5] ljutsf] #)jif{b]lv ;f] bnsf] cWoIfkbdf cfl;g x'g''x'G5 . ;Qfdf gk'Ubf;Dd ;j{ xf/f ju{ / dhb'/x?sf] xs, lxtsf] jsfnt ub}{ ufF;, af; / skf;sf] d'2f p5fNg] g]tfx? ;Qfdf k'Ugf;fy cfˆgf] dfq :jfy{ l;4 ug]{ u/]sf] cf/f]k g]tfx? dfly nfUb} cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 klg sDo"lgi6 kf6L{ km'6\g'df ;Qf, bnsf] kb, k};fn] /fd|f] e"ldsf v]Ng] u/]sf] atfpg]x? larf/n] ;fy{stf kfpg] u/]sf] 5 .

     

     

    ljZn]ifs

    >L % o'j/fhlw/fh kf/; jL/ljqmd zfxb]j ;/sf/sf] JolQmut ljj/0f

    z'ehGd M >L % o'j/fhlw/fh kf/; jL/ljqmd zfxb]jsf] z'ehGd >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ljqmd zfxb]j tyf >L % j8fdxf/fgL sf]dn /fHonIdL b]jL zfxsf ;'k'qsf ¿kdf lj=;+= @)#* ;fn k'if !% ut] -O{=;++ !(&! l8;]Da/ #) tf/Lv_ sf lbg sf7df8f}+df ePsf] xf] .
    lzIff M df};'kmaf6 k|f/lDes lzIff ef/tsf] bflh{lnËl:yt ;]G6 hf]z]km sn]h / sf7df8f}+sf] a"9fgLns07 :s"naf6 xfl;n ul/aS:of] . o:t} df};'km ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] zLn/ OG6/g]zgn o'lgel;{6Laf6 afl0fHozf:qdf :gfts xf]OaS;G5 .
    z'eljjfx M df};'kmsf] z'eljjfx >L % o'j/f1L lxdfgL /fHonIdL b]jL zfxsf ;fy lj=;+= @)%^ ;fn df3 !! ut] -O{=;+= @))) hgj/L @% tf/Lv_ d+unjf/sf lbg sf7df8f}+df ;';DkGg ePsf] xf] .
    df};'kmsf k|yd ;'k'qsf ¿kdf >L % gjo'j/fh x[bo]Gb| jL/laqmd zfxb]jsf] z'ehGd lj=;+= @)%( ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] -O{=;+= @))@ h'nfO{ #) tf/Lv_ d+unjf/sf lbg gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/df ePsf] xf] . o:t} df};'kmx¿sf b'O{ ;'k'qL >L % o'j/fhs'df/L k"l0f{sf /fHonIdLb]jL zfxsf] z'ehGd lj=;+= @)%& d+l;/ @^ ut] ;f]daf/ -O{=;+= @))) l8;]Da/ !! tfl/v_ / >L % o'j/fhs'df/L s[ltsf /fHonIdLb]jL zfxsf] z'ehGd lj=;+= @)^) ;fn cflZjg @( ut] ljlxjf/ -O{=;+= @))# cS6f]j/ !^ tf/Lv_ sf lbg ePsf] xf] .
    /fhu2Lsf pQ/flwsf/L 3f]lift M df};'km lj=;+= @)%* ;fn sflt{s !) ut] -O{=;+= @))! cS6f]j/ @^ tf/Lv_ z'qmjf/sf lbg g]kfn clw/fHosf] >L % o'jf/hlw/fh 3f]lift xf]OaS;]sf] xf] .
    k[y'nfwLz 3f]if0ff M df};'km @)^@ ;fn df3 @! ut] -;g\ @))^ km]a|'a/L # tf/Lv_ z'qmjf/sf lbg g]kfn clw/fHosf] dfgkbjLx¿sf k[y'nfwL; 3f]lift xf]OaS:of] .
    cg'ej M >L % dxf/fhflw/fh 1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j ljleGg /fi6«x¿sf] e|d0fdf ;jf/L xf]OaS;Fbf >L % o'j/fhlw/fhaf6 /fhk|ltlglw kl/ifb\sf] cWoIfsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxflnaS;]sf] 5 .
    >L % o'j/fhlw/fhaf6 lj=;+= @)%* ;fn d+l;/ @@ ut] -O{=;+= @))! l8;]Da/ & tf/Lv_ b]lv >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] cWoIftf u|x0f ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . o;cl3 df};'km >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if cGtu{tsf] ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf ljsf; ;ldltdf ;+nUg xf]OaS;GYof] .
    dfgkb\jL M df};'km jL/]Gb|dfnf -@)^@_, clt dxfuf}/jdo ;'k|bLKt jL/]Gb| k|hftGq ef:s/ -@)^@_, dxfpHHjn sLlt{do g]kfn>Lkb klxnf -@)^!_, b}jLk|sf]k kLl8tf]4f/ kbs -@)^)_, jL/]Gb| P]Zjo{ ;]jf kbs -@)%*_, ;'k|l;4 k|jn uf]/vfblIf0fjfx' -@)%*_, ljlzi6 ;]jf kbs -@)%%_, u2L cf/f]x0fsf] /ht dxf]T;j kbs @)@*–@)%# -@)%#_ / >L % jL/]Gb| z'e/fHoleif]s kbs -@)#!_ af6 lje"lift xf]OaS;G5 .
    cf}krfl/s ljb]z e|d0f M >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf] k|ltlglwTj ul/aS;Fb} >L % o'j/fhlw/fh ;fpbL c/asf g]/z kmfb ljg cAb'n clhh cn-;fpbsf] c;fdlos lgwgdf df};'kmsf tkm{af6 ;dj]bgf k|s6 ul/aS;g ;fpbL c/asf] /fhwfgL l/ofb lj=;+= @)^@ ;fpg !( b]lv @! ut] -O{=;+= @))% cui6 # b]lv ^ tf/Lv_ ;Dd ;jf/L xf]OaS:of] .
    >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/aS;Fb} df};'km ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf d'df dxf/fgL Plnhfj]ysf] cGTo]i6L ;df/f]xdf ;l/s xf]OaS;g ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] n08g ;jf/L xf]OaS:of] . lj=;+= @)%* r}q @% b]lv @( ut] -O{=;+= @))@ clk|n & b]lv !! tf/Lv_ ;Dd .
    >L % o'j/fhlw/fhaf6 lj=;+= @)^@ ;fn r}q & b]lv !# ut] -O{=;+= @))^ dfr{ @) b]lv @^ tf/Lv_ ;Dd u0ftGq cli6«of, lj=;+= @)^@ ;fn c;f/ @! b]lv #) ut] -O{=;+= @))% h'nfO{ % b]lv !$ tf/Lv_ ;Dd hfkfg, lj=;+= @)^! ;fn ;fpg @@ b]lv ebf} # ut] -O{=;+= @))$ cui6 ^ b]lv !( tf/Lv_ ;Dd hgjfbL u0ftGq rLg / lj=;+= @)^) ;fn df3 $ b]lv !* ut] -O{=;+= @))$ hgj/L !* b]lv k]ma|'c/L ! tf/Lv_ ;Dd ef/tsf] cf}krfl/s e|d0f ul/aS:of] .
    df};'km >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifaf6 aln{gdf cfof]lht Pl;of k|zfGt d~rnfO{ ;+jf]wg ul/aS;g lj=;+= @)^) ;fn c;f]h & b]lv !$ ut] -O{=;+= @))# ;]K6]Da/ @$ b]lv cS6f]j/ ! tf/Lv_ ;Dd ;+3Lo u0ftGq hd{gLsf] aln{g ;jf/L xf]OaS:of] .
    df};'kmaf6 lj=;+= @)^) ;fn a}zfv @! b]lv @* ut] -O{=;+= @))# d] $ b]lv !! tf/Lv_ ;Dd j}+ssl:yt Pl;Pg Oli6Ro'6 ckm 6]Sgf]nf]hL / yfONof08sf ljleGg /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿sf] cWoog e|d0f ul/aS:of] .
    >L % o'j/fhlw/fh ljZs]s cGt/f{li6«o kj{tLo zLif{:y ;Dd]ngdf ;l/s xf]OaS;g lsuL{h u0ftGqsf] /fhwfgL ljZs]s ;jf/L xf]OaS:of] . lj=;+= @)%( sflt{s !) b]lv !& ut] -O{=;++ @))@ cS6f]j/ @& b]lv gf]e]Dj/ # tfl/v_ ;Dd .
    cGo ljb]z e+d0f M df};'kmaf6 rLg, ef/t, yfONof08, hfkfg, ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\;, stf/, 6sL{, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo, nSh]dju{, a]lNhod, :jL6\h/Nof08, b g]b/Nof08;\, ;+3Lo u0ftGq hd{gL, u0ftGq sf]l/of, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf / u0ftGq k|mfG;sf] e+d0f ul/aS;]sf] 5 .
    cle¿rL M >L % o'jf/fhflw/fh k|s[lt tyf jGohGt'x¿sf] cWoog, jftfj/0fLo ljifox¿, bLuf] ;fd'bflos ljsf; / cGt/f{li6«o dfldnfdf cle¿rL /flvaS;G5 .
    ;f]v M 3f]8 ;jf/, ;+uLt / sljtf /rgf .
    ;|f]t M lgd{n lgjf;, dxf/fhu~h, sf8df8f}+, g]kfn

     

     

    uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL / e|i6frf/

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    /fhgLlt kmf]xf]/L v]n xf] eg]/ t eGg] ul/G5 g} . of] egfO{nfO{ g]kfnL /fh gLlt1x?n] w]/} xb;Dd rl/tfy{ u/]sf5g\ . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng xf];\ jf /fhfsf] k|ltufdL sbd tL ;a}df ax'bnjfbL /fhgLlt1x?sf sdhf]/Lx?n] sfd u/]sf5g\ . dfcf]jfbL /fh gLlt t emg\ k|ToIf ?kdf hgtfsf] Hofg}nfO{ hf]lvddf kfg]{ lsl;dsf] b]lvPsf] g} xf] . /fh gLltsf] g} kl/j]zdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf uf]ljGb /fh hf]zLnfO{ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] / clxn] pxfF To; cf/f]kaf6 a/L x'g'ePsf] k|;Ë sd dxTjk"0f{ 5}g . of] eGbf dxTjk"0f{ t pxfFn] xfn} lbg'ePsf] cGt/jftf{ klg 5 . of] dxTjk"0f{ kIfnfO{ sf]6\ofpg' k"j{ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt / e|i6frf/sf] /dfOnf] egf} jf sxfnL nfUbf] egf}+ kf6f] pNn]v ug{ pko'Qm xf]nf . g]kfndf ;Qfwf/L ablngf;fy e|i6frf/Lx? ablng] u/]sf] b]lvPsf]5 . /fhfsf] ;dodf Psy/L e|i6frf/L dflgG5g\ / csf{y/L ;'/lIft x'G5g\, bnx?n] zf;g ubf{ csf{y/L e|i6f rf/L dflgG5g\ / csf{y/L ;'/lIft x'G5g\ . hgtfsf] cfFvfdf eg] ;a}y/L uNtL ug]{x? e|i6frf/Lg} b]lvG5g\ . t/ ljsNk gx'Fbf pgLx? lg/f; x'G5g\ . e|i6frf/L nfO{ ;hfo ug]{ lgsfo jf cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfo /fhgLlts x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm g/xbf;Dd / g]tfx?df OdfGbf/L gknfpFbf;Dd of] qmd hf/Lg} /xG5 . clxn] b]lvPsf] of] k|a[lQ x6fpg] ;a}eGbf pko'Qm pkfo eg]sf] /fhgLlt1 tyf k|zf;sx?sf] e|i6frf/sf] af/]df cg';Gwfg / lg0f{o ug]{ k|d'v lgsfosf lhDd]jf/ JolQmx? cyf{t\ /fi6«;]jsx? lglZrt of]Uotf k'u]sf t/ k|ToIf jf k/f]If?kdf /fhgLlts bndf gnfu]sf JolQmx?af6 hgtfn] k|ToIf r'gfjåf/f 5flgPsf JolQm x'g' / pgLx?sf] pQ/bfloTj klg To:t} k|sf/sf] ;+:yf;Fu x'g] Joj:yfn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lbg ;S5 . s] /fhgLlt1x? o;df tof/ xf]nfg\ < oxfF l;4fGt / Jojxf/sf] s'/f ub}{ e/v/} e|i6frf/Lsf] cf/f]kaf6 dfly pNn]lvt ;d]tsf kl/j]zsf sf/0fn] d'Qm aGg k'Ug' ePsf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o uf]ljGb /fh hf]zL / v'daxfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ hgtfn] s'g?kdf x]5{g\ < To;sf] nflu /fi6«JofkL ?kdf lgikIf ta/n] dt ;j]{If0fn] k|i6 ug]{ g} 5 / g}lts ljhosf] kl/efiff lbg]5 . r'gfadf /S;L, df;', d;n, dgL cflbsf sf/0fn] r'gfa lhTg' / lgikIf?kdf hgtfn] d"Nof+sg ug'{ cnu ljifo xf] . o;} k|;Ëdf …;lnn ;f}uftÚ eGg] c+u|]hL / g]kfnL b'j} efiffdf k|sflzt x'g] Ps klqsfn] e/v/} e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kaf6 hgtfn] xf]Og ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;kmfO{ kfPsf uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLsf] k|z+;f / cGt/jftf{ 5fk]sf] /x]5 . uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLsf] cGt/jftf{ g]kfnsf] s'g} /fli6«o:t/sf klqsfn] g5flksg sd} gfd ;'lgg] klqsfaf6 cfpg'n] st} gfd rn]sf klqsfx?n] uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLnfO{ cf/f]k x]g]{ lgsfon] ;kmfO{ lbP klg hgtfn] ;kmfO{ lbPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] pgLx?sf] k|z+;f ug'{ / cGt/jftf{ 5fKg' hgtfaf6 cfkm' 6fl9g' x'G5 eGg] 8/sf] sf/0fn] /fli6«o:t/sf] klqsfn] g5fk]sf] x'Fbf k|fof]lht?kdf g} gfd grn]sf] t/ cToGt / lrNnf / dxËf kfgfdf t8se8s sf;fy 5flkPsf] t xf]Og < /fli6«o:t/sf klqsf x?n] uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL ;d]tnfO{ e|i6frf/L xf]Ogg\ eg]/ k|z+;f ug{sf nflu :yfg lbg g;Sgfsf sf/0f hgtfn] k|i6 a'em]s} x'g'k5{ . sfg'gL k|lqmof crDdsf] x'G5 . Tof] crDdsf] x'g' ;du|?kdf cfjZos klg 5, t/ Tof] crDd?lk l5b|sf] kmfObf slxn]sfxL a]Odfgx?n] klg lnG5g\ . pbf/x0fsf] nflu s'g} rt'/ dflg;n] s'g} ;femf] dflg;;Fu C0f lnP/ skfnL td;'s u/Llbof] / p;n] !) jif{;Dd cfhlbG5' ef]lnlbG5' eGb} 6fb}{ !) jif{ ljtfPdf To;kl5 Tof] td;'ssf] s'g} dfGotf x'Fb}g . lsgeg] sfg'gn] skfnL ul/lbg] JolQm af6 !) jif{leqdf k};f gp7fP !)jif{kl5 d'2f u/]/ k};f p7fpg gkfOg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . s] !) jif{ sf6]sf] x'gfn] sfg'gn] k};f ltg{ kb}{g eg]s} sf/0fn] cbfntn] p;nfO{ C0f ltg{ gkg]{ agfO{ lbb}df p OdfGbf/ 7xl/G5 / uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLn] r'gfjdf cfkm'n] #÷# k6s;Dd lht]sf] ts{ pQm klqsfdf pNn]v ug'{ ePsf] 5 . h'g ;To klg xf] . klxnf] r'gfa afx]s bf];|f] r'gfaaf6 uf]ljGb /fh hf]zLn] cfˆgf] If]qdf slt k};f vr{ ug'{ eof] < r'gfjdf s:tf JolQmx?nfO{ k|of]u ug'{ eof] < k|zf;gnfO{ s] s;/L ;b'kof]u jf b'?kof]u ug'{ eof] < eGg] ;DjGwdf 5fkfx?df larf/x? cfPs} x'g\. clxn] klg ToxfFsf hgtfnfO{ ;f]w] yfxf x'G5 . s]xL dtbftfx?n] t d'6'dfly 9'Ëf /fvL uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLnfO{ ef]6 lbPsf x'g\ / eg]sf klg x'g\– …glbpm sf+u|];sf] ?v, lbpm uf]ljGb/fhsf] d'vÚ . r'gfa lhTg'dfq} klg 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . dxTjk"0f{ s'/f t hgtfsf plrt rfxgf k'/f ug'{ xf] . r'gfj lht]/ klg hgtfsf] lxt ug{ g;Sbf g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL cGbf]ng eof] . ef/tdf ljleGg cfGbf]ngx? e}/x]sf5g\. cn;fNef8f]/, lrnL cflb sof}+ b]zx?df r'gfa lht]sf a]Odfg /fhg]tfx?af6 ePsf wf]sfn] ubf{ sof}+ cfGbf]ng x? eP / nfvf}+n] Hofg u'dfP. g]kfndf klg e|i6frf/L x?n] r'gfa lht]s} sf/0fn] hgtf lg/f; eP, hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] lsl;dsf] ljsf; ePg, e|i6frf/ eg] df}nfof] . lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf h:tf k'/fgf / OdfGbf/ g]tfn] To;} e|i6frf/Lx?nfO{ b]zb|f]xL;Fu t'ngf u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . ;DejtM a]Odfgx? dWo] s]Gb|Lo:t/sf g]tf x'F eGg] sk6L a]Odfgx?nfO{ t g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] r'gfadf ;d]t sfo{stf{x? x/fpg nfu]sf lyP / s]xL xb;Dd ;kmn klg eP . To;}n] r'gfa lhTg' ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og . a? r'gfjsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ hgtfnfO{ em'SofP/ ;Qfdf hfg' nf]stGqk|ltsf] 3f]/ ckdfg xf] . o;/L g} hgtfnfO{ em'SofP/ r'gfa lht]/ kl5 hgtfk|lt cg'Q/bfoL x'g] g]tfx?sf] sf/0fn] nf]stGq abgfd ePsf] klg xf] . To:t} uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLn] r'gfa lhTg] If]q eg]sf] sf+u|];L kSs8 Pl/of xf] / Tof] If]qdf /fd|f sf+u|];L pd]bjf/ x'g] xf] eg] pgn]eGbf w]/} a9L dtk|fKt ub{5g\ eg]/ ToxfFsf sf+u|];Lx? eGg] ub{5g\ . OdfGbf/ sf+u|];Lx?n] To; If]qdf r'gfa lhTg dlg, d;n cflbsf] s'g} h?/t kb}{g . uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL lzIff d+qL, u[x d+qL, hn;|f]t d+qL, ko{6g d+qL cflb eP/ gf} jif{;Dd sfd ubf{ pxfFn] e|i6frf/ ug'{ eof] ls ePg eGbfklg e|i6frf/ u/]/ klg rt'¥ofO{ k"j{s cfkm' aRg] pkfo g]tfn] u5{g\ ub}{gg\ / o:tf sfo{df g]tfx? dWo] s]xL slt rt'/ x'G5g\ eGg] k|Zg dxTjk"0f{ xf] . Pp6f dfq} pbfx/0f lbg' kbf{ klg pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifbdf ;a} cfkmGtx?nfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf k|j]z u/fPsf] xf] ls h:tf] b]lvg] lqmofsnfkn] klg k|i6 u5{ . pxfFsf] cfˆgf] gfddf sf7df8f}+df 3/ ;DklQ 5}gg\ xf]nf . t/ klxnf s'g} x}l;ot gePsf cfDbfgLsf] s'g} ;|f]t gePsf pxfFsf cfkmGt tyf ljZjfl;nf x?sf 3/ / ;DklQ x]bf{ pQm ;DklQsf] plrt cg';Gwfg eof] eg] c/af}+sf] ;DklQ stfaf6 cfPsf] /x]5 eg]/ x]bf{ sfg'gL?kdf ;|f]t kQf nfUb}g . o;sf] cy{ s] x'G5 uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLn] g]kfndf 3/ agfpg ;fob h?/L 5}g lsgeg] pxfFsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx? ljb]zdf ;DkGg JolQmsf?kdf :yflkt e};s]sf 5g\ . sf]xL cd]l/sfdf 5g\ eg] sf]xL ci6«]lnofdf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf pxfFsf 5f]/fx? hfgf;fy k]6«f]nkDk vf]n]sf] s'/f t 5fkfx?df cfPs} xf] . Pp6f k]6«f]nkDk vf]Ng nueu !% nfv 8n/ nfU5 eg] sl/a !! s/f]8 ?kofF g]kfnL x'g k'Ug] Toltsf] k};f pgsf 5f]/fn] Sofl;gf]d} uP/ sdfPsf xf]nfg\ < Sofl;gf]d} hfbf klg t kof{Kt k};f rflxG5. Sofl;gf]df t uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLsf 5f]/fn] nfvf}+/sd xf/]sf] xfdLn] ;'g]s}xf]. ljb]zdf pxfFsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] x}l;ot ToxfF pgLx?sf] cfDbfgL eGbf w]/} pkNnf] ePsf] hf] sf]xLn] klg atfpF5g\. lxhf]sf lbgdf ;dfGo df:6/L ug]{ / lhNnf cbfntdf jsfnt u/]/ Tof] x}l;otsf] ;DklQ cfh{g x'g ;S5 < e|i6frf/Lx?sf] k};f g]kfnaf6 ljb]z hfg] / ToxL ljb]z k7fPsf] s]xL k};f k'gM g]kfndf dufP/ k7fPsf] k|df0f n'sfpg] / k};f k|fKt ePsf] k|df0f b]vfpg] ub}{ d t 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] e/df afr]sf]5' egL clwsf+; e|i6frf/Lx? eGg] g} ub{5g\ . uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLn] dx+uf lstfax? nfO{ cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t b]vfpg' ePsf] xf]nf t/ pxfFsf s'g} klg k':ts k;ndf lsGg] lsl;dsf 5}gg\ . d"No / :t/ ldNb} ldNb}g . cfGbf]ng tfsf uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL cToGt ;lqmo x'g' ePsf] eGg] pxfFs} egfO{ b]lvG5. cGo g]tfx?nfO{ kqmfp cfb]z, sltko g]tfnfO{ ;'l6Ë cfb]z, slt ltg} sf/0fn] e"ldut x'g k/]sf] cj:yfdf uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL v'nf?kdf lx8\bf klg sfo{qmd ubf{ klg ;'/Iff ;GoGq jf /fHokIfn] pxfFk|lt s'g} sf/jfxL gugf{sf] sf/0f s] x'g;Snf< elgG5 b/jf/sf glhssf x?nfO{ s'g} klg /fhgLlts bndf /fd|f] 5lj agfP/ g]t[Tj lng] jftfj/0f agfpg] / ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ cfem]ndf kfg]{ sfddf ;lqmo eP/ b/jf/ nfUg] ub{5 / cfˆgf] kmfObf lnG5 eGg] xNnf hgdfg;df ;fdfGo g} 5 . cGTodf, e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf / hgtfn] e|i6frf/L xf]Og eg]/ kTofpg} g;Sg] JolQmx?nfO{ klg nf]stGqdf ;'w|g] clwsf/ 5 / x'G5 . hgtfn] pgsf k'/f afgLx? eg] ofb ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

     

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    James Madison n] Toxfpkl:yt ePsf ;a} k|ltlglwx¿n] s'g s'/fnfO{ s;/L JoQm ub{5g\, ltgLx¿sf] /]s8{ /fVg] pgsf] clek|fo lyof] . of] clek|fo g} ;+o'Qm /fHosf] eljiosf] efUo lg0f{osf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/ lyof] . olb James Madison sf] Tof] :ki6 n]vgsnfsf] /]s8{ geO{ lbPsf] eP Philadelphia sf] Summer sf tL tftf lbgx¿df ;fgf] kfgLsf] ;|f]t afn'jfdf ljnfP;/L ljnfP/ hfg] lyP k|ltlglwsf ljrf/x¿ . u'KtL s'/fx¿nfO{ 5'kfpg] s'/fx¿df eg] o; ;Dd]ngn] ljz'4 tl/sfn] ax'dtn] :jLsf/ u¥of] . ;Dd]ng ejg State House sf] jl/kl/ ;Dd]ngfjlw e/sf nflu ;]gfx¿n] s8f ;'/Iff lbPsf lyP . Madison n] Tof] ;Dd]ngdf n]Vg' ePsf tL P]ltxfl;s l6Kk0fLx¿ Madison sf] d[To' ePsf] $ aif{kl5 !*$) ;Dd klg k|sfzgdf NofOPsf] lyPg . Tof] ;Dd]ngn] s/tn WjgLsf ;fy Ps} :j/n] Continental Congress sf] ;efklt hh{ jfl;ª6gnfO{ lgjf{lrt u/] . s]xL lbgkl5sf] s'/f xf], States sf k|ltlglwx¿sf aLrdf jftfj/0fsf] s'k|efjn] ubf{ km'6 k}bf ePsf]n] ljefhgsf] ;+uf/df k'¥ofof] . Tof] jftfj/0fLo s'k|efj lyof], /fHox¿sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:ylt ljwfg;efdf s;/L u/fpg] eGg]n] . $= New Jersey Plan : w]/} h;f] k|ltlglwx¿, lgs} States sf of] Virginia Plan sf lj/f]wL ag]sf lyP . tL c;Gt'i6 k|ltlglwx¿n] New Jersey Plan agfP . o; Knfgn] k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;xh ¿kn] cfslif{t u¥of] . o; of]hgfdf /fHox¿sf] k|ltlglTj u/fpFbf ;fgf 7"nf ;a} States af6 a/fa/Lsf] ;+Vofdf lnOg' kg]{ s'/fdf a9L Aofvof ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+3fTds ;/sf/sf cg'R5]bx¿nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{df o; of]hgfn] ¿rL lnPsf lyP, t/ gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/fdf x'g] eg] xf]Og . ltgLx¿sf ;'emfjsf cltl/Qm Congress n] s/ lng] Aofkf/df lgoGq0f ug]{, sfo{kflnsfdf k|ltlglwx¿ k7fpFbf ljwfgd08naf6 5gf}6 u/]/ dfq k7fpg] . clg cbfntdf GofowLzx¿sf] lgo'lQmdf /fHox¿sf] ;+u7gn] ug]{ h:tf clwsf/x¿ ylklbof] . %= a[xQ/ ;Demf}tf (The Great Compromise) M ;Dd]ngn] b'a} of]hgfx¿dfly (Virginia Plan / New Jersey Plan), /fHosf k|ltlglwx¿n] Continertal Congress sf ;fd' dt lbg'kg]{ 7x/ u¥of] . New Jersey Plan sf xf] of Virginia Plan åf/f gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg' kg]{ eGg] ;'emfjdfly dt lbg] < of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf lgldQ Jones Madison sf] d'lQm a'l4n] o; ;Dd]ngdf 7"nf] ljho xfFl;n u¥of] . # lbg;Ddsf] jfbljjfb kl5 Virgina Plan df cfwfl/t gofF /fli6"o ;/sf/sf kIfdf k|ltlglwx¿n] dt lbP/ glthf lgsfn] . t/ ;;fgf States sf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;Dd]ngaf6 k|:yfg ug]{ wDsL lbP . 7"nf / zlQmzfnL /fHosf k|ltlglwx¿n] tL ;;fgf States sf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ leQfdf 6F;fpg] kf] x'g\ ls eGg] tL ;;fgf /fHox¿sf k|ltlglwx¿n] qf;lbk"0f{ cg'ej u/] . qmdzM

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    lxhf] cyf{t\ k'; @! ut]b]lv sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq rnlrq cledGo'sf] k|bz{g k|f/De ePsf] 5 . cledGo'df lglvn pk|]tL, c?l0fdf n:;fn, k'hgf k|wfg, lbg]z zdf{ nufotsf snfsf/sf] d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . df}gtf >f]i7sf] n]vg tyf lgb]{zgdf ag]sf] of] rnlrqn] ;dfhnfO{ e|i6frf/n] vQd agfpF5 t/ Tof] e|i6frf/LnfO{ vQd ug{ gfossf] hGd klg x'G5 eGg] d"n ljifoj:t' af]s]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/ ;kmn k|bz{g u/]sf] elgPsf] o; rnlrqdf lglvn pk|]tLsf] bf]xf]/f] e"ldsf /x]sf]5 .

    slnp8df @))^ pT;fxk"0f{

    b]zdf JofKt czflGtsf sf/0f df/df k/]sf] rnlrq hut\ @))^ df ePsf] zflGt ;Demf}tf kl5 k'gM h'd'{/fPsf]5 . g]kfn rnlrq ;+3sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))^ df b'uf{, P kl08t afh], lxDdt, xfdL 6\ofS;L 8«fOe/, qmf]w nufotsf b'O{ bh{g rnlrqn] ;]G;/l;k kf; u/]sf lyP / k|bz{g klg eP . h;dWo] P kl08t afh], ;fjwfg, qmf]w, zlQm, x+ufdf, bfbf lu/L, lxDdt cflb ;kmn dflgP eg] afFsL ;fdfGo cj:yfd} /x] . /fhgLlts kl/jt{gaf6 b]zdf 5fpg] zflGt;Fu;Fu} oltv]/ rnlrqsdL{x? pT;fxk"j{s sfddf h'6]sf 5g\ . To;}n] @))^nfO{ pT;fxk"0f{ jif{ dfGg ;lsG5 .

     

    @))^ alnp8sf] ;kmn jif{

    s]xL lbg cl3 xfdLn] ;g\ @))^nfO{ labf u/L ;g\ @))&nfO{ :jfut u/]sf 5f}+ . alnp8 hut\df @))^ ;kmn jif{sf] ?kdf 3f]lift ePsf]5 . @))^sf] ;'?d} k|bz{g ePsf] rnlrq /+ub] a;GtL, l;Sj]nsf ?kdf cfPsf] lqmz, nu] /xf] d'GgfefO, lkm/ x]/fkm]l/n] klg bz{nfO{ dgf] /~hg k|bfg u¥of] . kmgf, seL cnlabf gf s]x]gf, cf]dsf/f, hfg]dg, pd/fj hfg, w'd 6' nufotsf /fd|f rnlrq @))^ df bz{sdfem cfof] . o;}u/L jif{sf] cGTodf k|bz{g cf/De u/]sf] efud efun] klg bz{snfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf dgf]/~hg k|bfg ub}{ 5 .

    ‘cletfe jif{sf pTs[i6 gful/s

    alnp8sf d]3f ;'k/:6f/ cletfe aRrg @))^ sf pTs[i6 ef/tLo gful/ssf ?kdf dgf]lgt ePsf 5g\ . ef/tsf] Ps rlr{t klqsfn] u/]sf] dt ;j]{If0fsf cg';f/ !% k|ltzt ef/tLo hgtfn] pagnfO{ dt lbPsf lyP . of] dtaf6 g} ^$ jifL{o aRrg ef/tLo pTs[i6 gful/s aGg ;kmn ePsf x'g\ . ;f]xL ;j]{If0fsf qmddf sf+u|]; g]t[ ;f]lgof ufGwL / lqms]6 v]nf8L ;lrg t]Gb'ns/n] %÷% k|ltzt, cletfesf 5f]/f gfos clez]s aRrg / P]Zjof{n] $÷$ k|ltzt dt kfPsf lyP .

    kfnf] sfa'n PS;k|];sf]

    d'GgefO PdaLaLP; / nu] /xf] d'GgefOaf6 rrf{df cfPsf gfos c;f{b jf;L{ Pj+ hf]g ca|fxdsf] d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf] alnp8 rnlrq sfa'n PS;k|];sf] lxhf]b]lv k|bz{g ;'? ePsf]5 . ev{/} dfq k|bz{g ePsf] rnlrq afa'ndf klg clego u/]sf hf]g ca|fxdsf] o; rnlrqdf d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf]5 . kl/l0ftfaf6 Voflt sdfPsL gflosf ljBf jfngsf] klg o; rnlrqdf d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . oz rf]k8fsf] lgb]{zgdf ag]sf k|foM rnlrqx?n] bz{ssf] dg 5'g] u5{ . of] rnlrq s:tf] 5 < of] hfGg eg] rnlrq xn;Dd wfpg} k5{ .

     

    ;flxTo sljtf

    cfTdfsf] vf]hL

     

    clDasfk|;fb k/fh'nL

    cfTdfsf] ;fyL sf] x'G5
    of] klg hfGg' a'em\g' kb{5
    cfTdf eg]sf] s] xf] <
    hGdb} cfPsf] ;fyL xf]
    cfTdfn] s] s] sfd ub{5
    7"N7"nf zlQm;Fu klg n8\g ;S5
    7"N7"nf zlQm eg]sf] sf] sf] eGg]
    df}sfkbf{ h] klg ug]{ u/fpg ;Sg]
    cfTdfsf zlQm eg]sf s] s] x'g\
    lhpdf ePsf ;a} zlQm x'g\
    lhpdf ePsf zlQm eg]sf] s] s] gfd x'g\
    xft, v'§f, cfFvf ;d]t ;a} x'g\
    cfTdfsf] ;fyL kQf nfuf];\
    a;sf] kQf nufpg 3/ 5f]8s} 5 .
    >LdtL eg]sf] s] x'g\ t <
    ;"o{sf] 5fofF k/] h:t} x'g t
    5f]/f5f]/L eg]sf s] s] x'g t
    wg;DklQ vf]Hg] dfq x'g t
    cfTdfsf] ;fyL gkfP s] ug'{ x'G5
    o;sf] kQ nufpg s]xL ;do nfU5 .
    bfh'efOx? s] s] eGb} 5g\ t <
    xfdLx?sf] cfzf e/f];f gug'{ eGb}5g\ t
    tkfO{sf ;fyLefO s] s] eGg] tkm{df 5g\
    dfly uPkl5 e]6f}+nf ;Fu} a;f}+nf eGb}5g\
    dfly eg]sf] sxfF s'g 7fpF xf]
    w]/} 6f9f 6f9f :ju{nf]s eGg] 7fpF xf]
    :ju{nf]s eGg] 7fpF s] s:tf] 5 t
    ;f/} /dfOnf] 7fpF 5 eGg] ;'g]sf] 5 t
    tkfO{sf] cfTdfsf] ;fyL gkfP s] ug'{ x'G5
    d]/f] cfTdf ;fyL kfpg lgot g} 5
    d]/f] cfTdfsf] ;fyL ;kgfdf kfP
    To;kl5 gfË} cfP hfFbf j/} PSn} uP
    eb|k'/– &, emfkf

    M

     

    cGt/fli6«o

    ;2fdM uf]7fnf]sf] 5f]/fb]lv /fi6«klt;Dd

    aUbfb– O/fssf] l6«lqm6sf] lgs6 ufpF cf]phfdf ;g\ !(#& clk|n @* df ;'s'Djf;L kl/jf/df ;2fd x';]gsf] hGdePsf] lyof] . ue{d} /xFbf csf{sf] 3/df uf]7fnf] a;]sf pgsf afa'sf] :ju{jf; ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 pgsf ;f}t]gL afa'sf] /]vb]vdf si6;fy pgL x'ls{g] qmddf lszf]/fj:yfdf eg] dfdf3/df z/0ffyL{ ?kdf a:g' eof] / cfˆg} dfdfsL 5f]/L vlhbf lhof;Fu ljjfx ug'{ eof] . @) jif{s} pd]/df afy kf6L{df k|j]z ug'{ ePsf ;2fd ! jif{d} tTsflng O/fsL zf;s hg/n cAb'n sl/d Sjfl;dsf] xTofk|of;df efu lnPkl5 OlhK6df hfg'eof] . km/f/ ;2fdnfO{ To; ;dod} cbfntn] d[To"b08sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf] $ jif{kl5 :jb]z kmls{g'ePsf pxfF afy kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ 9n]kl5 ;g\ !(^$df h]n kg'{eof] . !(^&df h]n kmf]/]]/ km/f/ x'g'eO{ e"ldut afy kf6L{sf] u'Ktr/ ljefu k|d'v aGg'eof] . To;sf] csf]{jif{ afy kf6L{ hg/n cn x;g cn– afqmsf] g]t[Tjdf k'gM ;Qfdf cfof] / cn– afqmsf] ;xfosdf ;2fd lgo'Qm x'g'eof] . To;sf] csf]{ jif{ ;g\ !(&( df cn– afqm /flhgfdf lbg afWo ePkl5 ;2fd /fi6«kltsf] ;fy} afy kf6L{sf] dxf;lra / qmflGtsf/L kl/ifbsf] cWoIf aGg k'Ug' ePsf] lyof] . ;fx /]hf kxnjLsf] ktgkl5 ;g\ !(*)df O/fgdf ;}lgs ?kdf sdhf]/ ePsf] df}sf kf/L ;2fdn] cfqmd0f ug'{eof] . !(*@df !$* hgf l;ofx?sf] xTofsf] cf/f]k . d"nt oxL cleof]udf pxfFnfO{ d[To"b08 lbOPsf] xf] . !((%df ul/Psf] hgdt ;+u|xdf ;2fdsf] kIfdf ((=(^ dt k|fKt . @))@ cS6f]j/ !% df ePsf] lgjf{rgdf ;tk|ltztdt NofO{ k'gM /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt . @))# df cd]l/sL ;}lgsåf/f ;Qf ktg, ;f]xL jif{sf] l8;]Dj/ !# df l6lqm6df b'nf]df n'ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfˆg} ;fyLsf] ;xof]udf lu/ˆtf/ . @))% cS6f]j/df b'h}n g/;+xf/df cleof]udf ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ / )^ gf]e]Da/ % df d[To"b08sf] 3f]if0ff . l8;]Dj/ @^df k'g/fj]bgaf6 d[To"b08 km};nfsf] ;b/ / ;8;]Dj/ #)df kmfF;L lbOof] . ;2fdnfO{ kmfF;L lbOP klg g t O/fssf l;ofx?n] /fxt kfpg] 5g\ tg t cd]l/sfn] g} r}g kfpg] 5 . lel8of] 5fgljg x'g]– O/fs– ckb:y /fi6«klt ;2fdnfO{ k'; !% ut] ljxfg lbOPsf] d[To"b08sf] >Job[Zo ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L ljt/0f ug]{ dflg;nfO{ sf/jfxL ul/g] k|wfgd+qL g'/L cndlns lgs6sf Ps clwsf/Ln] k'; !* ut] atfPsf 5g\ . ;2fdnfO{ kmfF;L lbOPsf] ;dosf] >Job[Zo O/fsL lel8of]n] eGbf klxn] / w]/} dfqfdf OG6/g]6 / df]jfOn kmf]gdf s]xL 306fd} ljZjJofkL agfOPsf] lyof] . …kmfF;Lsf] a]nf s;n] pQm b[Zo lvRof] eGg] 5fgljg eO/x]sf]5.Ú gfd atfpg grfxg] tL clwsf/Ln] atfP . kmf;Lsf] gSsn ubf{ d[To"– kfls:tfgsf] dWo If]qsf jif{ ( sf afns d';jf/ cnLn] ;2dnfO{ lbOPsf] kmfF;Lsf] 6]lnlehgaf6 gSsn ubf{ d[To" ePsf] 5 . pgn] cfˆgL jif{ !) sL lbbLsf] ;xof]udf pQm sfo{ u/]sf] pgsf afa'n] atfPsf] k|x/Lsf] egfO{ 5 .

    d'gåf/f kbef/ u|x0f

    ;+/f;+3– ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf gjlgjf{lrt cf7f}+ dx;lra afg ls– d'gn] k'; !& ut]af6 cˆgf] kbef/ u|x0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 . pxfF blIf0f sf]l/ofnL s"6gLlt1 x'g'x'G5 . ;kyu|x0f ;df/f]xdf d'gn] ;+/f;+3sf # d'n :tDe ;'/Iff, ljsf; / dfgjclwsf/nfO{ alnof] agfO{ ljZjdf yk zflGt, ;d[l4 / ;kmn k':tf agfpg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . 8fkm{/ lx+;f, dWok"j{sf] tgfj, P8\;, ul/jL cflb h:tf ljifo gofF dxf;lrasf ;fd' /x]sf 5g\ . ;+/f;+3sf] dxf;lrasf] sfo{sfn % jif{sf] /xG5 .

    ;q afncl:y/k~h/ km]nf

    gofFlbNnL– ef/tLo k|x/Ln] oxfFsf] glhs} Ps 3/af6 yk b'O{ afnaflnsf x?sf cl:y/k~h/ km]nf kf/]kl5 xTof ul/Psf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof !& k'u]sf] 5 . k|x/L clws[t cf/s]P; /f7f]/n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ k|x/Ln] …!& afnaflnsfsf] cl:y/k~h/ km]nf kf/L;s]sf] / cGosf] vf]hLsfo{ hf/L 5 . Úljt]sf] b'O{ jif{ otf k|x/Ldf $) afnaflnsf x/fPsf] ph'/L k/]kl5 k|x/Ln] To;tkm{ cfˆgf] ;lqmotf a9fPsf] xf] . k|x/Ln] zj e]l6Psf] 3/sf] dflns / gf]s/nfO{ ;f]wk'5 ul/ /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . km]nf k/]sf !& dWo] !) afnaflnsfx?sf] zj pgLx?sf zf]sljXjn cfdf– afa'n] lrg]sf] klg k|x/Ln]k'li6 u/]sf] 5. .

    rfnsljlxg jfo'ofg

    afnf;f]/-ef/t_– hf;';L ug]{ rfnsljlxg nIo jfo'ofgsf] ef/tn] kl/If0f p8fg u/]sf]5 . afnf;f]/af6 !% lsldsf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] OG6]«u|]6]8 6]i6 /]~haf6 nIo jfo'ofg p8fOPsf] lyof] . /0fe"ldsf] r'krfk lgl/If0f ug{ / lgzfgf laGb' kQf nufpg] k|of]hgsf nflu a}+unf]/sf] e"pku|x ljsf; s]Gb|n] o;nfO{ ljsf; u/]sf] xf] . ^ km'6 dfOqmf] nfO6sf] pQm jfo'ofgsf] p8fg cjlw #)b]lv #% ldg]6sf] /x]sf]5 . lgl/If0f :yndf # b]lv $ kmGsf] df/]kl5 Kof/f;'6sf] dfWodn] ;d'Gb|df em5{, h;nfO{ x]lnsK6/af6 lgsflnG5 . pQm jfo'ofgnfO{ g\ @))) df ef/tLo jfo' ;]gfdf leofOPsf] lyof] .

    dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0fM rf/sf] d[To'

    /fok'/-ef/t_– 5QL; u0f /fHodf ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0fdf rf/ hgfsf] d+l;/ @& ut] d[To' ePsf]5 . dfl/g]df Ps k|x/L / tLg ;j{;fwf/0f /x]sf] k|x/L n] hgfPsf]5 . @;o %)hlt dfcf]jfbLn] laxfg} z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df cfqmd0f ubf{ kGw| ldg]6 le8Gt ePsf] lyof] .

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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